IL.VIII.F.R2e

From the FAA library

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-4-4
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-4. Vortex Behavior

  Vortex Movement Near Ground - with Cross Winds 5. Pilots should be alert at all times for possible wake vortex encounters when conducting approach and landing operations. The pilot is ultimately responsible for maintaining an appropriate interval, and should consider ... vortices can rise with the air mass in which they are embedded. The effects of wind shear can cause vortex flow field “tilting.” In addition, ambient thermal lifting and orographic effects (rising terrain or tree lines) can cause a vortex…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-4-1
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-3. Vortex Strength

  Vortex Strength a. Weight, speed, wingspan, and shape of the generating aircraft’s wing all govern the strength of the vortex. The vortex characteristics of any given aircraft can also be changed by extension of flaps or other wing configuring ... devices. However, the vortex strength from an aircraft increases proportionately to an increase in operating weight or a decrease in aircraft speed. Since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay, the greatest vortex strength occurs when…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-6-7
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 6. National Security and Interception Procedures › 5-6-8. Foreign State Aircraft Operations

  paragraph 5-6-4 and any other national security requirements in paragraph 5-6-2. b. Diplomatic Clearances. Foreign state aircraft may operate to or from, within, or in transit of U.S. territorial airspace only when authorized ... State Department by means of a diplomatic clearance, except as described in subparagraph 5-6-8i below. 1. Information about diplomatic clearances is available at the U.S. State Department website https://www.state.gov/diplomatic-aircraft-clearance-procedures-for-foreign-state-aircraft-to-operate-in-united-states-national-airspace/ (lower case only). 2. A diplomatic…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-28
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

  Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path…

• 14 CFR Part 121 — Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental OperationsOpen
  14 CFR § 121.590 Use of certificated land airports in the United States.

  certificated land airports in the United States. Domestic type operation means any domestic operation conducted with— (1) An airplane designed for at least 31 passenger seats (as determined by the aircraft type certificate issued by a competent civil aviation authority ... land airport in any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States; or (2) An airplane designed for more than 9 passenger seats but less than 31 passenger seats…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-10
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Vortex Ring State

  that are conducive to a vortex ring state condition are attempting to hover OGE without maintaining precise altitude control, and approaches, especially steep approaches, with a tailwind component. When recovering from a vortex ring state condition, the pilot tends first ... control may be limited. The traditional recovery is accomplished by increasing airspeed, and/or partially lowering collective to exit the vortex. In most helicopters, lateral cyclic thrust combined with an increase in power and lateral antitorque thrust will produce the quickest…