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  • Chapter 1: Risk Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management › Situational Awareness › Obstacles to Maintaining Situational Awareness

    that routine flight operations may lead to a sense of complacency, which can threaten flight safety by reducing situational awareness. By asking about positions of other aircraft in the traffic pattern, engine instrument indications, and the aircraft’s location ... relation to references on a chart, the flight instructor can determine if the learner is maintaining situational awareness. The flight instructor can also attempt to focus the learner’s attention on an imaginary problem with the communication or navigation equipment…

  • Chapter 1: Risk Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management › Situational Awareness

    conditions in which a new risk assessment should be made, a key element in the decision-making process. Situational Awareness Situational awareness is the accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements ... that affect safety before, during, and after the flight. Maintaining situational awareness requires an understanding of the relative significance of these factors and their future impact on the flight. When situationally aware, the pilot has an overview of the total…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › RISK › Situational Awareness

    Monitoring radio communications for traffic, weather discussion, and ATC communication can enhance situational awareness by helping the pilot develop a mental picture of what is happening. Maintaining situational awareness requires an understanding of the relative significance of all flight related ... added an additional burden to his or her management in the event of an emergency. To maintain situational awareness, all of the skills involved in ADM are used. Obstacles to Maintaining Situational Awareness Fatigue, stress, and work overload can cause…

  • Chapter 7: Automation & Flight Path Management › Failure to Anticipate, Act, & Verify

    Failure to Anticipate, Act, & Verify Automation offers increased safety with enhanced situational awareness. However, these systems make it possible for a pilot to become complacent, unprepared, or lose situational awareness. If this occurs and an unexpected change in flight plan ... increase. In a 1995 fatal accident in Colombia, a flight crew was unexpectedly cleared for an approach, lost situational awareness, and crashed into mountainous terrain. The accident summary cites failure of the flight crew to revert to basic radio navigation…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Airflow in Forward Flight

    blade continues to rotate, velocity of the airflow then increases to rotational velocity over the tail. It continues to increase until the blade is back at the 3 o’clock position. The advancing blade in Figure 2-35, position ... moves in the same direction as the helicopter. The velocity of the air meeting this blade equals rotational velocity of the blade plus wind velocity resulting from forward airspeed. The retreating blade (position C) moves in a flow…