IL.X.A.R9

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-28
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

  Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-8
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Formation of Vortices

  This flow of air results in “spillage” over the tips, thereby setting up a whirlpool of air called a vortex. [Figure 5-12] At the same time, the air on the upper surface has a tendency to flow in toward ... fuselage and off the trailing edge. This air current forms a similar vortex at the inboard portion of the trailing edge of the airfoil, but because the fuselage limits the inward flow, the vortex is insignificant. Consequently, the deviation…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-9
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence

  speed of 2 or 3 knots (top). A crosswind will decrease the lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increase the movement of the downwind vortex. Thus a light wind with a cross runway component of 1 to 5 knots ... could result in the upwind vortex remaining in the touchdown zone for a period of time and hasten the drift of the downwind vortex toward another runway (bottom). safety that allows wake turbulence dissipation. [Figure 5-15] For more information…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 13-18
  Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Electronic Flight Displays (EFD) /Multi-Function Display (MFD) Weather › Weather Products Age and Expiration

  comprised of a series of 159 Weather Surveillance Radar–1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites situated throughout the United States, as well as selected overseas sites. The NEXRAD system is a joint venture between the United States Department of Commerce ... United States DOD, as well as the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The individual agencies that have control over the system are the NWS, Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and the FAA. [Figure…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-46
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Boundary Layer Separation

  lift. The boundary layer separation point moves forward on the wing as the AOA is increased. [Figure 5-66] Vortex generators are used to delay or prevent shock wave induced boundary layer separation encountered in transonic flight. They are small ... airstream. Usually spaced a few inches apart along the wing ahead of the ailerons or other control surfaces, vortex generators create a vortex that mixes the boundary airflow with the high energy airflow just above the surface. This produces higher…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-20
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › The Flux Gate Compass System

  Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) Electronic flight displays have replaced free-spinning gyros with solid-state laser systems that are capable of flight at any attitude without tumbling. This capability is the result of the development of the Attitude ... gate compass that drives slaved gyros uses the characteristic of current induction. The flux valve is a small, segmented ring, like the one in Figure 8-27, made of soft iron that readily accepts lines of magnetic flux. An electrical…