IL.X.B.R4

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-43
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Load Distribution

  significant influence on its flight characteristics, even when the load is within the CG limits and the maximum permissible gross weight. Important among these effects are changes in controllability, stability, and the actual load imposed on the wing. Figure ... current designs of large aircraft, is the effect of long moment arms to the positions of heavy equipment and cargo. The same aircraft may be loaded to maximum gross weight within its CG limits by concentrating fuel, passengers, and cargo…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-42
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Flight Performance

  performance of an aircraft are determined on the basis of its maximum allowable takeoff and landing weights. A heavier gross weight results in a longer takeoff run and shallower climb, and a faster touchdown speed and longer landing roll. Even ... aircraft’s structure. Even if an aircraft is loaded well within the maximum weight limitations, it is imperative that weight distribution be within the limits of CG location. The preceding brief study of aerodynamics and load factors points…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-42
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Stability and Controllability

  supporting structure even though the aircraft may not be overloaded or out of CG limits with more weight at that location. Effect of Weight on Stability and Controllability Overloading also affects stability. An aircraft that is stable and controllable when ... most direct effect on this, an increase in the aircraft’s gross weight may be expected to have an adverse effect on stability, regardless of location of the CG. The stability of many certificated aircraft is completely unsatisfactory…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-40
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance

  effects of CG on an aircraft. Weight and balance are critical components in the utilization of an aircraft to its fullest potential. The pilot must know how much fuel can be loaded onto the aircraft without violating CG limits ... CG envelope, but the maximum gross weight could be exceeded. The excess weight can overstress the aircraft and degrade the performance. Aircraft are certificated for weight and balance for two principal reasons: 1. The effect of the weight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-3
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Control

  forward CG position, it is located at the position where full-up elevator/control deflection is required to obtain a high AOA for landing. The aft CG limit is the most rearward position at which the CG can be located ... CG moves aft, a less stable condition occurs, which decreases the ability of the aircraft to right itself after maneuvering or turbulence. For some aircraft, both fore and aft CG limits may be specified to vary as gross weight changes…