IL.X.C.S3

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• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-17
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The gimbal in the turn coordinator is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn. Since turn coordinators are more prevalent in training aircraft, this discussion concentrates on that instrument. When rolling ... into or out of a turn, the miniature aircraft banks in the direction the aircraft is rolled. A rapid roll rate causes the miniature aircraft to bank more steeply than a slow roll rate. The turn coordinator can be used…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-16
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn-and-Slip Indicator

  Turn Indicators Aircraft use two types of turn indicators: turn-and-slip indicators and turn coordinators. Because of the way the gyro is mounted, the turn-and-slip indicator shows only the rate of turn in degrees per second ... turn coordinator is mounted at an angle, or canted, so it can initially show roll rate. When the roll stabilizes, it indicates rate of turn. Both instruments indicate turn direction and quality (coordination), and also serve as a backup source…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-22
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

  basic truth about turns is that when the aircraft banks, lift acts inward toward the center of the turn, perpendicular to the lateral axis as well as upward. Newton’s First Law of Motion, the Law of Inertia, states that ... remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line until acted on by some other force. An aircraft, like any moving object, requires a sideward force to make it turn. In a normal turn, this force is supplied…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  Load Factors in Steep Turns At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies ... centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same. Figure 5-52. Two forces cause load factor during turns. Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-7
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator gives an indirect indication of the bank attitude of the airplane. When the miniature aircraft is level, the airplane is in straight flight. When the miniature airplane is aligned with ... alignment marks and the aircraft is rolling to the left or right the indication represents the roll rate, with the alignment marks indicating a roll of 3 degrees per second in the direction of the miniature aircraft. This…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 5-21
  Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Instruments › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The major limitation of the older turn-and-slip indicator is that it senses rotation only about the vertical axis of the aircraft. It tells nothing of the rotation around the longitudinal axis, which in normal flight occurs ... before the aircraft begins to turn. Figure 5-34. The rate gyro in both turn-and-slip indicator and turn coordinator. A turn coordinator operates on precession, the same as the turn indicator, but its gimbals frame is angled upward…