IL.XII.A.S2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-6
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Altitude and Flight

  Altitude and Flight Altitude affects every aspect of flight from aircraft performance to human performance. At higher altitudes, with a decreased atmospheric pressure, takeoff and landing distances are increased, while climb rates decrease. When an aircraft takes off, lift ... wings. If the air is thin, more speed is required to obtain enough lift for takeoff; therefore, the ground run is longer. An aircraft that requires 745 feet of ground run at sea level requires more than double that…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-5
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

  Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute to the drag, either induced (from…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 9-1
  Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › Ground Instruction

  Integrating Instruction Techniques A flight instructor uses many instructional techniques during ground instruction, when using simulation, and during hands-on aircraft training. Since flight training costs are high and new aircraft are more complex than in the past, the total ... time without sacrificing the quality of the end product. This section looks at teaching techniques in greater detail. Ground Instruction Ground instruction can be highly effective if it follows an overall plan designed to prepare the learner for flight…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 1-11
  Chapter 1: Risk Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management › Defining Risk Management › What Do I Do with My Score?

  allow our personal desires to manipulate our risk assessment in order to meet personal goals. A formal process using pen and paper gives a perspective on the entire risk picture and is a good way to make a thorough analysis ... risk assessment tool allows pilots to see the risk profile of a flight in its planning stages. Each pilot determines an acceptable level of risk for flight based on the type of operation, environment, aircraft used, training, and overall flight…

• 14 CFR Part 91 — General Operating and Flight RulesOpen
  14 CFR § 91.179 IFR cruising altitude or flight level.

  cruising altitude or flight level. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, the following rules apply— (a) In controlled airspace. Each person operating an aircraft under IFR in level cruising flight in controlled airspace shall maintain the altitude or flight level assigned ... that aircraft by ATC. However, if the ATC clearance assigns “VFR conditions on-top,” that person shall maintain an altitude or flight level as prescribed by § 91.159. (b) In uncontrolled airspace. Except while in a holding pattern of 2 minutes…