IL.XII.D.K2
KnowledgeAerodynamics associated with stalls in various aircraft configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and center of gravity, aircraft attitude, and yaw effects.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Stalling Speeds
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing ... abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall. A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft’s stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor…
- CHAPTER 1. GROUND TRAINING: STALL AND SPIN AWARENESS › 104. TYPES OF STALLS
TYPES OF STALLS. Stalls can be practiced both with and without power. Stalls should be practiced to familiarize the student with the aircraft’s particular stall characteristics without putting the aircraft into a potentially dangerous condition. In multiengine airplanes, single ... engine stalls must be avoided. Descriptions of some different types of stalls follows: a. Power-off stalls (also known as approach-to-landing stalls) are practiced to simulate normal approach-to-landing conditions and configuration. Many stall/spin accidents have occurred…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Stalls
Stalls The normal stall entered from straight-and-level flight, or an unaccelerated straight climb, does not produce added load factors beyond the 1 G of straight-and-level flight. As the stall occurs, however, this load factor ... reduced toward zero, the factor at which nothing seems to have weight. The pilot experiences a sensation of “floating free in space.” If recovery is effected by snapping the elevator control forward, negative load factors (or those that impose…
- CHAPTER 1. GROUND TRAINING: STALL AND SPIN AWARENESS › 100. STALL/SPIN EFFECTS AND DEFINITIONS › g. Load Factor
Load Factor. Load factor is the ratio of the lifting force produced by the wings to the actual weight of the airplane and its contents. Load factors are usually expressed in terms of “G.” The aircraft’s stall speed increases ... proportion to the square root of the load factor. For example, an airplane that has a normal unaccelerated stall speed of 45 knots can be stalled at 90 knots when subjected to a load factor…
- CHAPTER 2. FLIGHT TRAINING: STALLS › 200. STALL TRAINING › a. Stall Avoidance Practice at Slow Airspeeds
This loss of power will result in a VMC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. (VMC is the minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative). Also, some airplanes have such an effective rudder that even ... level VMC is lower than stall speed. For these airplanes, demonstrating loss of directional control may be safely conducted by limiting rudder travel to simulate maximum rudder available. Limiting rudder travel should be accomplished well above the power-off stall…
- CHAPTER 1. GROUND TRAINING: STALL AND SPIN AWARENESS › 100. STALL/SPIN EFFECTS AND DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 1. GROUND TRAINING: STALL AND SPIN AWARENESS 100. STALL/SPIN EFFECTS AND DEFINITIONS. A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the airplane’s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing exceeds ... critical angle of attack (AOA). This can occur at any airspeed, in any attitude, with any power setting. If recovery from a stall is not achieved in a timely and appropriate manner by reducing the AOA, a secondary stall and/or…