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  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Operations With Inoperative Equipment

    operation. POHs and owner/information manuals contain a section devoted to a systematic method of performing a preflight inspection. Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Operations With Inoperative Equipment Under 14 CFR, all aircraft instruments and installed equipment are required ... operative prior to each departure. When the FAA adopted the minimum equipment list (MEL) concept for 14 CFR part 91 operations, it allowed aircraft to be operated with inoperative equipment determined to be nonessential for safe flight. At the same…

  • Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Alternate Types of Wings › Landing Gear

    helps maintain the stabilator in the desired position. Figure 3-10. Empennage components. Figure 3-11. Stabilator components. Landing Gear The landing gear is the principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing. The most common ... type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations or skis for landing on snow. [Figure 3-12] Wheeled landing gear consists of three wheels—two main wheels and a third…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Aircraft Hazards › Equipage

    controlling the aircraft, which could lead to a loss of control in-flight. Equipage The avionics and other equipment installed in an aircraft affect both utility and the ease with which a pilot can identify hazards. Equipment considerations include: • Redundancy ... Could equipment failure affect the type of flight contemplated? For example, on a day VFR flight in Class E airspace, having only a single navigation/communication radio is not a major concern. However, for a flight in IMC, having one radio…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Hydraulic Systems

    must be serviced with the type specified by the manufacturer. Refer to the AFM/POH or the Maintenance Manual. Landing Gear The landing gear forms the principal support of an aircraft on the surface. The most common type of landing gear ... consists of wheels, but aircraft can also be equipped with floats for water operations or skis for landing on snow. [Figure 7-37] The landing gear on small aircraft consists of three wheels: two main wheels (one located on each…

  • Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems › Landing Gear Safety Devices › Landing Gear Position Indicators

    There is usually an amber in transit light to indicate a gear that is in transition. Landing gear position indicators are located on the instrument panel adjacent to the gear selector handle. They are used to inform the pilot ... gear position status. There are many arrangements for gear indication. Usually, there is a dedicated light for each gear. The most common display for the landing gear being down and locked is an illuminated green light. Three green lights means…

  • Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems › Landing Gear Rigging & Adjustment › Landing Gear Retraction Test

    Landing Gear Retraction Test The proper functioning of a landing gear system and components can be checked by performing a landing gear retraction test. This is also known as swinging the gear. The aircraft is properly supported on jacks ... this check, and the landing gear should be cleaned and lubricated if needed. The gear is then raised and lowered as though the aircraft were in flight while a close visual inspection is performed. All parts of the system should…