IL.XV.A.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source and produces…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 4-4
  Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Barriers to Effective Communication › Lack of Common Experience

  Lack of common experience between the communicator (instructor) and the receiver (learner) is probably the greatest single barrier to effective communication. Communication can be effective only to the extent that the experiences (physical, mental, and emotional) of the participants ... stimuli used to arouse a response in the learner. Figure 4-3. Misunderstandings stem primarily from four barriers to effective communication. The learner’s past experience with the words and things to which they refer determines how the learner responds…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 4-10
  Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Developing Communication Skills › Instructional Enhancement

  important that the instructor understand as much as possible about the learners, instructors can be much more effective by using improved listening skills and effective questions to help in putting themselves in the place of the learners. Questions should ... communication are necessary to be an instructor. Increasing the depth of knowledge in either area makes the instructor more effective. Instructional Enhancement An instructor never stops learning. While professional development is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 8, the more…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-10
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Ground Effect on Takeoff

  Ground Effect on Takeoff Ground effect is a condition of improved performance encountered when the airplane is operating very close to the ground. Ground effect can be detected and normally occurs up to an altitude equal to one wingspan above ... surface. [Figure 6-7] Ground effect is most significant when the airplane maintains a constant attitude at low airspeed at low altitude (for example, during takeoff when the airplane lifts off and accelerates to climb speed, and during the landing…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-23
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Translational Thrust › Transverse Flow Effect

  Transverse Flow Effect As the helicopter accelerates in forward flight, induced flow drops to near zero at the forward disk area and increases at the aft disk area. These differences in lift between the fore and aft portions ... rotor disk are called transverse flow effect. [Figure 2-41] This increases the AOA at the front disk area causing the rotor blade to flap up and reduces AOA at the aft disk area causing the rotor blade to flap…