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  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Leading Edge Devices

    slat allows the air below the wing to flow over the wing’s upper surface, delaying airflow separation. Leading edge flaps, like trailing edge flaps, are used to increase both CL-MAX and the camber of the wings. This type ... leading edge device is frequently used in conjunction with trailing edge flaps and can reduce the nose-down pitching movement produced by the latter. As is true with trailing edge flaps, a small increment of leading edge flaps increases lift…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... speed, induced drag predominates at low speed. [Figure 11-5] For example, if an aircraft in a steady flight condition at 100 knots is then accelerated to 200 knots, the parasite drag becomes four times as great, but the power…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Lighting › Stop Bar Lights

    when installed, are used to confirm the ATC clearance to enter or cross the active runway in low visibility conditions (below 1,200 ft Runway Visual Range (RVR)). A stop bar consists of a row of red, unidirectional, steady-burning ... steady-burning red lights on each side. A controlled stop bar is operated in conjunction with the taxiway centerline lead-on lights which extend from the stop bar toward the runway. Following the ATC clearance to proceed, the stop…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance Charts

    manufacturer provides on these charts has been gathered from test flights conducted in a new aircraft, under normal operating conditions while using average piloting skills, and with the aircraft and engine in good working order. Engineers record the flight data ... charts will not be accurate if the aircraft is not in good working order or when operating under adverse conditions. Always consider the necessity to compensate for the performance numbers if the aircraft is not in good working order…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Climb Performance Factors › Range Performance

    AFM/POH. Cruise control of an aircraft implies that the aircraft is operated to maintain the recommended long-range cruise condition throughout the flight. Since fuel is consumed during cruise, the gross weight of the aircraft varies and optimum airspeed, altitude ... means the control of the optimum airspeed, altitude, and power setting to maintain the 99 percent maximum specific range condition. At the beginning of cruise flight, the relatively high initial weight of the aircraft requires specific values of airspeed, altitude…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards › 7-6-14. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions

    1. The following factors will affect the probability and severity of brownout…