IL.XV.C.R7
Risk managementVortex ring state (VRS).
From the FAA library
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures
Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence › Terminal Area
Vortex Strength Terminal Area Wake turbulence has historically been thought of as only a function of aircraft weight, but recent research considers additional parameters, such as speed, aspects of the wing, wake decay rates, and aircraft resistance to wake, just ... name a few. The vortex characteristics of any aircraft will be changed with the extension of flaps or other wing configuration devices, as well as changing speed. However, as the basic factors are weight and speed, the vortex strength increases…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Behavior
Vortex Behavior Trailing vortices have certain behavioral characteristics that can help a pilot visualize the wake location and take avoidance precautions. Vortices are generated from the moment an aircraft leaves the ground (until it touches down), since trailing vortices ... byproduct of wing lift. [Figure 14-46] The vortex circulation is outward, upward, and around the wingtips when viewed from either ahead or behind the aircraft. Tests with large aircraft have shown that vortices remain spaced a bit less than…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence
components and equipment if encountered at close range. For this reason, a pilot must envision the location of the vortex wake and adjust the flight path accordingly. Vortex Generation Lift is generated by the creation of a pressure differential over ... counter rotating cylindrical vortices. Most of the energy lies within a few feet of the center of each vortex. [Figure 14-45] Figure 14-45. Vortex generation…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Formation of Vortices
This flow of air results in “spillage” over the tips, thereby setting up a whirlpool of air called a vortex. [Figure 5-12] At the same time, the air on the upper surface has a tendency to flow in toward ... fuselage and off the trailing edge. This air current forms a similar vortex at the inboard portion of the trailing edge of the airfoil, but because the fuselage limits the inward flow, the vortex is insignificant. Consequently, the deviation…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence
speed of 2 or 3 knots (top). A crosswind will decrease the lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increase the movement of the downwind vortex. Thus a light wind with a cross runway component of 1 to 5 knots ... could result in the upwind vortex remaining in the touchdown zone for a period of time and hasten the drift of the downwind vortex toward another runway (bottom). safety that allows wake turbulence dissipation. [Figure 5-15] For more information…