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  • Chapter 1: Departure Procedures › Alternate Minimums for Commercial Operators

    Part 121 operators with additional considerations. Commercial operators typically use dispatchers to plan flights, including selecting and filing alternate airports. The dispatcher considers aircraft performance, aircraft equipment and its condition, and route of flight when choosing alternates. In the event…

  • Chapter 1: Departure Procedures › ODP Flight Planning Considerations

    included in the pilot’s clearance, the pilot should inform ATC when an ODP is used for departure from a runway so that ATC can ensure appropriate traffic separation. During planning, pilots need to determine whether or not the departure ... time, any of which would require an alteration in the flight plan and initial headings. Considering the forecast weather, departure runways, and existing ODP, plan the flight route, climb performance, and fuel burn accordingly to compensate for the departure procedure…

  • Chapter 3: Arrivals

    clearances, descent planning, and ATC procedures, while the scope of coverage focuses on transitioning from the en route phase of flight, typically the origination point of a STAR to the STAR termination fix. Optimum IFR arrival options include flying directly ... from the en route structure to an approach gate or initial approach fix (IAF), a visual arrival, STARs, and radar vectors. Within controlled airspace, ATC routinely uses radar vectors for separation purposes, noise abatement considerations when it is an operational…

  • Chapter 1: Departure Procedures › SID Flight Planning Considerations

    • Restrictions for specific types of aircraft (turbojet only) • Limited use to certain…

  • Chapter 1. Air Navigation › Section 1. Navigation Aids › 1-1-3. VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR)

    NOTE-In many cases, flying using the MON may involve a more circuitous route than flying GPS-enabled RNAV. (b) In the case of an unscheduled GPS outage, pilots and ATC will need to coordinate the best outcome ... that are unable to continue RNAV during a GPS disruption. The FAA has not mandated that preflight or inflight planning include provisions for GPS- or WAAS-equipped aircraft to carry sufficient fuel to proceed to a MON airport in case…

  • CHAPTER 2. REDUCING GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS › 2.3.6 Runway Incursion Mitigation/Avoidance › 2.3.6.2 Step 2

    merely include planning the route of flight; it should also include a review of pertinent airport diagrams. Taking time during the preflight planning process to review airport diagrams is essential. For example, airport diagrams often include “hot spots ... only one of many considerations in preflight planning. Circumstances change quickly. En route weather conditions or airport movement area closures is vital information. To be prepared, pilots need to review all information concerning the flight, including Notices to Air Missions…