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  • Chapter 1: Introduction To Flying › Aircraft Classifications and Ultralight Vehicles

    Airplane—an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. • Glider—a heavier-than-air aircraft, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction ... against its lifting surfaces and whose free flight does not depend principally on an engine. • Lighter-than-air aircraft—an aircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is displaced…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal to the aircraft ... weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute to the drag…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    Landing behind a larger aircraft- when parallel runway is closer than 2,500 feet. Consider possible drift to your runway. Stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path- note its touchdown point. 3. Landing behind ... larger aircraft- crossing runway. Cross above the larger aircraft’s flight path. 4. Landing behind a departing larger aircraft- same runway. Note the larger aircraft’s rotation point-land well prior to rotation point. 5. Landing behind a departing larger…

  • Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Lift and Basic Aerodynamics

    Weight pulls the aircraft downward because of the force of gravity. It opposes lift and acts vertically downward through the aircraft’s center of gravity (CG). Lift opposes the downward force of weight, is produced by the dynamic effect ... wing, and acts perpendicular to the flight path through the wing’s center of lift (CL). An aircraft moves in three dimensions and is controlled by moving it about one or more of its axes. The longitudinal, or roll, axis…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1091 Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator).

    Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator). (a) For the purposes of this section and § 91.1095: (1) A flight instructor (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to instruct in an aircraft, in a flight simulator ... flight training device for a particular type, class, or category aircraft. (2) A flight instructor (simulator) is a person who is qualified to instruct in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or in both, for a particular type…

  • 14 CFR § 91.326 Exception to operating certain aircraft for the purposes of flight training, flightcrew member checking, or flightcrew member testing.

    Exception to operating certain aircraft for the purposes of flight training, flightcrew member checking, or flightcrew member testing. (i) The authorized instructor, designated examiner, person receiving flight training or being checked or tested, or persons essential for the safe operation ... aircraft; and (ii) Notwithstanding any operating limitation applicable under § 91.9(a) that prohibits the carriage of passengers for compensation or hire, up to two persons enrolled in a LODA training course for the same aircraft may observe the flight training…