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  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Approach Control

    Approach Control Approach control is responsible for controlling all instrument flights operating within its area of responsibility. Approach control may serve one or more airports. Control is exercised primarily through direct pilot and controller communication and airport surveillance radar ... Prior to arriving at the initial approach fix (IAF), instructions will be received from the air route traffic control center (ARTCC) to contact approach control on a specified frequency. Where radar is approved for approach control service, it is used…

  • Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Learning Methods › Pitch Control

    Primary and Supporting Method Another basic method for teaching attitude instrument flying classifies the instruments as they relate to control function, as well as aircraft performance. All maneuvers involve some degree of motion about the lateral (pitch), longitudinal (bank/ roll ... vertical (yaw) axes. Attitude control is stressed in this handbook in terms of pitch control, bank control, power control, and trim control. Instruments are grouped as they relate to control function and aircraft performance as pitch control, bank control, power…

  • Chapter 11: Emergency Operations › Analog Instrument Failure

    Pilots can attempt to troubleshoot alternator failure by following the established alternator failure procedure published in the POH/ AFM. If the alternator cannot be reset, advise ATC of the situation and inform them of the impending electrical failure. Figure ... Emergency instrumentation available to the pilot on electronic flight instrumented aircraft. Analog Instrument Failure A warning indicator, or an inconsistency between indications on the attitude indicator and the supporting performance instruments, usually identifies system or instrument failure. Aircraft control must…

  • Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying

    Adjust the miniature aircraft with reference to the horizon bar for the particular airplane while on the ground. For some tricycle-gear airplanes, a slightly nose-low attitude on the ground gives a level flight attitude at normal cruising speed ... abnormal instrument indications. Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying Attitude instrument flying is defined as the control of an aircraft’s spatial position by using instruments rather than outside visual references. Today’s aircraft come equipped with analog…

  • Appendix A: Emergency Procedures › Instrument Failure

    Aircraft control must be maintained while the pilot identifies the failed components and expedite cross-check including all flight instruments. The problem may be individual instrument failure or a system failure affecting several instruments. One method of identification involves ... static system with the pressure system and electrical system. Identify the failed components and use remaining functional instruments to maintain aircraft control. Attempt to restore inoperative components by checking the appropriate power source, changing to a backup or alternate system…

  • Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Chapter Summary › Navigation Instruments

    Chapter Summary Figure 3-18. Analog display (top) and digital display (bottom) from a Cessna 172. Control Instruments The control instruments display immediate attitude and power changes and are calibrated to permit adjustments in precise increments. [Figure ... instrument for attitude display is the attitude indicator. The control instruments do not indicate aircraft speed or altitude. In order to determine these variables and others, a pilot must reference the performance instruments. Navigation Instruments The navigation instruments indicate…