IP.VII.D.K2
KnowledgePossible failure modes of primary instruments and how to correct or minimize the effect of the loss.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Health and Physiological Factors Affecting Pilot Performance › Vestibular Illusions
Because an aircraft tends to lose altitude in turns unless the pilot compensates for the loss in lift, the pilot may notice a loss of altitude. The absence of any sensation of turning creates the illusion of being ... descent. This action tightens the spiral and increases the loss of altitude; this illusion is referred to as a “graveyard spiral.” [Figure 17-5] This may lead to a loss of aircraft control. Figure 17-4. Human sensation of angular…
- Glossary › Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
tires are hydroplaning, directional control and braking action are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can minimize the effects of hydroplaning. Hypemic hypoxia. A type of hypoxia that is a result of oxygen deficiency in the blood, rather than ... although the carbon dioxide level in the blood is already at a reduced level. The result is an excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body, which can lead to unconsciousness due to the respiratory system’s overriding mechanism…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Instrument Flight › Instrument Interpretation
control of heading and bank. In spite of these common errors, most pilots can adapt well to flight by instrument reference after instruction and practice. Many find that they can control the helicopter more easily and precisely by instruments. Instrument ... Interpretation The flight instruments together give a picture of what is happening. No one instrument is more important than the next; however, during certain maneuvers or conditions, those instruments that provide the most pertinent and useful information are termed primary…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Instrument Flight › Instrument Cross-Check
However, with familiarity and practice, the instrument cross-check reveals definite trends during specific flight conditions. These trends help a pilot control the helicopter as it makes a transition from one flight condition to another. When full concentration is applied ... single instrument, a problem called fixation is encountered. This results from a natural human inclination to observe a specific instrument carefully and accurately, often to the exclusion of other instruments. Fixation on a single instrument usually results in poor control…
- Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Helicopter Trim › Example of Primary and Support Instruments
Example of Primary and Support Instruments Straight-and-level flight at a constant airspeed means that an exact altitude is to be maintained with zero bank (constant heading). The primary pitch, bank, and power instruments used to maintain this flight ... condition are: • Altimeter—supplies the most pertinent altitude information and is primary for pitch. Heading Indicator—supplies the most pertinent bank or heading information and is primary for bank. • Airspeed Indicator—supplies the most pertinent information concerning performance in level…
- Chapter 6, Section II: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Learning Methods › Primary Power
Primary Power The primary power instrument for straight-and-level flight is the airspeed indicator. The main focus of power is to maintain a desired airspeed during level flight. No other instrument delivers instantaneous indication. Learning the primary and supporting ... instruments for each variable is the key to successfully mastering attitude instrument flying. At no point does the primary and supporting method devalue the importance of the attitude indicator or the power instruments. All instruments (control, performance, primary, and supporting…