PA.I.F.S1

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-3
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Stability

  Effects of Adverse Balance Adverse balance conditions affect flight characteristics in much the same manner as those mentioned for an excess weight condition. It is vital to comply with weight and balance limits established for all aircraft. Operating above ... maximum weight limitation compromises the structural integrity of the aircraft and can adversely affect performance. Stability and control are also affected by improper balance. Stability Loading in a nose-heavy condition causes problems in controlling and raising the nose, especially…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-42
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Flight Performance

  Effect of Weight on Flight Performance The takeoff/climb and landing performance of an aircraft are determined on the basis of its maximum allowable takeoff and landing weights. A heavier gross weight results in a longer takeoff run and shallower climb ... problem during takeoff under more favorable conditions. The detrimental effects of overloading on performance are not limited to the immediate hazards involved with takeoffs and landings. Overloading has an adverse effect on all climb and cruise performance, which leads…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 7-7
  Chapter 7: Center of Gravity Change After a Repair or Alteration › Adverse-Load CG Checks › Aft Adverse-Load CG Check

  Adverse-Load CG Check To conduct an aft or rearward CG check, make a chart that includes the empty weight and EWCG of the aircraft after the alteration and all occupants and items of the load behind ... limit of 46.0. The pilot is in front of this limit but is essential for flight and must be included. In this example, only the pilot occupies the front seats. Since the CG of the fuel is behind…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 9-10
  Chapter 9: Weight and Balance Control— Commuter Category and Large Aircraft › Determining CG Changes Caused by Modifying the Cargo › Determining the Maximum Amount of Payload That Can Be Carried

  Determining the Maximum Amount of Payload That Can Be Carried The primary function of a transport or cargo aircraft is to carry payload, which is the portion of the useful load, passengers, or cargo that produces revenue. To determine ... maximum amount of payload that can be carried, both the maximum limits for the aircraft and the trip limits imposed by the particular trip must be considered. In each of the following steps, the trip limit must be less than…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 4-2
  Chapter 4: Light Sport Aircraft Weight and Balance Control › Weight and Balance

  AMTs) or by individuals holding a Repairman: Light Sport certificate, and (in some cases) by their pilots and/or owners. Weight and Balance Aircraft such as balloons, powered parachutes, and WSC do not require weight and balance computations because the load ... lifting mechanism. The CG range in these types of aircraft is such that it is difficult to exceed CG limits. For example, the rear seat position and fuel of a WSC aircraft are as close as possible to the hang…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-10
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Determining Loaded Weight and CG › Weight Shifting

  Shifting, Adding, and Removing Weight A pilot must be able to solve any problems accurately that involve the shift, addition, or removal of weight. For example, the pilot may load the aircraft within the allowable takeoff weight limit, then find ... that the CG limit has been exceeded. The most satisfactory solution to this problem is to shift baggage, passengers, or both. The pilot should be able to determine the minimum load shift needed to make the aircraft safe for flight…