PA.II.E.R2

From the FAA library

• Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbookp. 4-10
  SKIPPING

  boat wake while taxiing on the step or during a takeoff. Sometimes the new seaplane pilot confuses a skip with a porpoise, but the pilot’s body sensations can quickly distinguish between the two. A skip gives the body vertical ... reduce the power gradually to allow the seaplane to settle gently onto the water. Skipping oscillations do not tend to increase in amplitude, as in porpoising, but they do subject the floats and airframe to unnecessary pounding and can lead…

• Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbookp. 4-9
  TAXIING AND SAILING › PORPOISING

  Usually, porpoising does not start until the seaplane has passed a degree or two beyond the acceptable planing angle range, and does not cease until after the seaplane has passed out of the critical range by a degree ... Figure 4-13. Porpoising increases in amplitude if not corrected promptly. If porpoising occurs due to a nose-low planing attitude, stop it by applying timely back pressure on the elevator control to prevent the bows of the floats from…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-7
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Crosswind Takeoff › Lift-Off

  airplane to lose lateral alignment with the runway centerline and to "skip." [Figure 6-5] The pilot uses rudder pressure to keep the airplane’s longitudinal axis parallel to the runway centerline. This “skipping” is usually indicated by a series ... runway. During these bounces, the crosswind also tends to move the airplane sideways, and these bounces develop into side-skipping. This side-skipping imposes severe side stresses on the landing gear and may result in structural failure. During a crosswind…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-34
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Faulty Approaches and Landings › Porpoising

  very rapidly in the nose-high attitude, and a stall may occur before a subsequent touchdown can be made. Porpoising In a bounced landing that is improperly recovered, the airplane comes in nose first, initiating a series of motions imitating ... jumps and dives of a porpoise. [Figure 9-36] The improper airplane attitude at touchdown may be caused by inattention, not knowing where the ground is, miss-trimming, or forcing the airplane onto the runway. Figure 9-36. Porpoising. Ground…