PA.IV.A.S8
SkillAvoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s) (ASES, AMES).
From the FAA library
- SKIPPING › GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS
GLASSY WATER TAKEOFFS Glassy water makes takeoff more difficult in two ways. The smoothness of the surface has the effect of increasing drag, making acceleration and lift-off more difficult. This can feel as if there is suction between ... water and the floats. A little surface roughness actually helps break the contact between the floats and the water by introducing turbulence and air bubbles between water and the float bottoms. The intermittent contact between floats and water…
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Fixed-Pitch Propeller
Small aircraft are equipped with either one of two types of propellers: fixed-pitch or adjustable-pitch. Figure 7-6. Changes in propeller blade angle from hub to tip. Fixed-Pitch Propeller A propeller with fixed blade angles ... fixed-pitch propeller. The pitch of this propeller is set by the manufacturer and cannot be changed. Since a fixed-pitch propeller achieves the best efficiency only at a given combination of airspeed and rpm, the pitch setting is ideal…
- Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Controllable-Pitch Propeller › Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise
means to sense engine rpm. The "Blade Angle Control" section of this chapter discusses the ways a propeller governor adjusts propeller blade angle. Other factors affect constant-speed propeller blade pitch. When an airplane is nosed up into a climb ... changing the manifold pressure at a constant rpm; or by changing both rpm and manifold pressure. The constant-speed propeller makes it possible to obtain an infinite number of power settings. Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise During takeoff, when the forward…
- SKIPPING › ROUGH WATER TAKEOFFS
seaplane. This creates dangerous pitching motions, and takeoff should not be attempted in this situation. With respect to water roughness, consider the effect of a strong water current flowing against the wind. If the current is moving at 10 knots ... wind is blowing the opposite direction at 15 knots, the relative velocity between the water and the wind is 25 knots, and the waves will be as high as those produced in still water by a wind of 25 knots…
- SKIPPING › CROSSWIND TAKEOFFS › USING WATER RUDDERS
USING WATER RUDDERS Another technique for maintaining a straight takeoff path involves leaving the water rudders down to assist with steering. Using the water rudders provides added directional control until the aerodynamic controls become effective. To use this technique, align ... accelerates, use enough aileron pressure to keep the upwind wing down. The downwind float should lift free of the water first. After lift-off, make a coordinated turn to establish the proper crab angle for the climb, and retract…
- Chapter 7: Propellers › Constant-Speed Propellers › Constant-Speed Feathering Propeller
relation to the other forces and can attempt to increase or decrease blade angle. The summation of the propeller forces is toward higher pitch (low rpm) and is opposed by a variable force toward lower pitch (high rpm). The variable ... pump that is mounted on and driven by the engine. The oil from the governor is supplied to the propeller and hydraulic piston through a hollow engine shaft. Increasing the volume of oil within the piston and cylinder decreases…