PA.IV.B.S3

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-4
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

  excessive rate of descent or a low altitude stall. It is possible for either or both to occur. Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance A wrong surface landing occurs when an aircraft lands or tries to land on the wrong runway ... pilot should verify correct runway alignment and runway number. Pilots often refer to moving map displays driven by GPS, and these devices should increase situational awareness and safety. If there is a doubt over the landing surface, the pilot should…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. PCG T-6
  Pilot/Controller Glossary › T

  LANDING- (See TOUCH-AND-GO.) TOUCHDOWNa. The point at which an aircraft first makes contact with the landing surface. b. Concerning a precision radar approach (PAR), it is the point where the glide path intercepts the landing surface. (See ICAO ... touch the runway. TOUCHDOWN RVR- (See VISIBILITY.) TOUCHDOWN ZONE- The first 3,000 feet of the runway beginning at the threshold. The area is used for determination of Touchdown Zone Elevation in the development of straight-in landing minimums…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-8
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Round Out (Flare)

  airspeed is decreased to touchdown speed while the lift is controlled so the airplane settles gently onto the landing surface. The round out is executed at a rate such that the proper landing attitude and the proper touchdown airspeed ... attained simultaneously just as the wheels contact the landing surface. The rate at which the round out is executed depends on the airplane’s height above the ground, the rate of descent, and the pitch attitude. A round out started…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-28
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated)

  judgment of gliding distance and the landing spot. The many variables, such as altitude, obstruction, wind direction, landing direction, landing surface and gradient, and landing distance requirements of the airplane, determine the pattern and approach procedures to use. The pilot…

• Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbookp. 6-6
  LANDING › GLASSY WATER LANDING

  perform glassy water landings with power. Perform a normal approach, but prepare as though intending to land at an altitude well above the surface. For example, in a situation where a current ... altimeter setting is not available and there are few visual cues, this altitude might be 200 feet above the surface. Landing preparation includes completion of the landing checklist and extension of flaps as recommended by the manufacturer. The objective…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-24
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Soft-Field Approach and Landing › Common Errors

  landing surface, causing the nose-wheel to dig in. The soft or rough surface itself provides sufficient reduction in the airplane’s forward speed. Often upon landing on a very soft field, an increase in power may be needed ... performance of soft-field approaches and landings are: 1. Excessive descent rate on final approach. 2. Excessive airspeed on final approach. 3. Unstable approach. 4. Round out too high above the runway surface. 5. Poor power management during round…