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  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing › Crosswind Final Approach

    Pilots using this technique use precise airplane control as changes in control pressure occur near the ground, on short final, and while over the runway. To use the wing-low method, the pilot first uses rudder to align and maintain ... airplane’s heading with the runway direction. Since the airplane is now exposed to an uncorrected crosswind, the airplane will begin to drift. Note the rate and direction of drift, and oppose it using ailerons resulting in just enough bank…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 2. Barometric Altimeter Errors and Setting Procedures › 7-3-5. Cold Temperature Airport Procedures

    Cold Temperature Airport Procedures a. PILOTS MUST NOT MAKE AN ALTIMETER CHANGE to accomplish an altitude correction. Pilots must ensure that the altimeter is set to the current altimeter setting provided by ATC in accordance with ... Actions on when and where to make corrections: Pilots will make an altitude correction to the published, “at”, “at or above”, and “at or below” altitudes on all designated segment(s) to all runways for all published instrument approach procedures…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing › Crosswind After-Landing Roll

    acting as a pivot point and the greater surface area exposed to the crosswind behind that pivot point, the airplane tends to turn or weathervane into the wind. The relative wind acting on an airplane during the after-landing roll ... wind, which acts in the direction the air mass is traveling. It has a headwind component acting along the airplane’s ground track and a crosswind component acting 90° to its track. The other factor is the wind induced…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Faulty Approaches and Landings › Wing Rising After Touchdown

    When the wings are approximately level, the new direction should be maintained until the airplane has slowed to taxi speed or has stopped. In nose-wheel airplanes, a ground loop is almost always a result of wheelbarrowing. A pilot should ... aware that even though the nose-wheel type airplane is less prone than the tailwheel-type airplane, virtually every type of airplane, including large multiengine airplanes, can be made to ground loop when sufficiently mishandled. Wing Rising After Touchdown When…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Final Approach

    drift correction is established and maintained to follow a ground track perpendicular to the extension of the landing runway centerline. This requires that the airplane be angled sufficiently into the wind to prevent drifting farther away from the intended landing ... Base leg and final approach. Final Approach After the base-to-final approach turn is completed, the pilot aligns the longitudinal axis of the airplane with the centerline of the runway or landing surface. On a final approach, with…