PA.IV.L.S8

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-15
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing

  Common Errors Common errors with forward slips to a landing: 1. Incorrect pitch adjustments that result in poor airspeed control. 2. Reacting to erroneous airspeed indications. 3. Using excess power while trying to lose altitude. 4. A slip ... same direction as any crosswind. 5. Poor glidepath control. 6. Late transition to a sideslip during landing with crosswinds. 7. Landing without the longitudinal axis parallel to runway. 8. Landing off the centerline. Crosswind Approach and Landing Most runways…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-3
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Final Approach

  drift correction is established and maintained to follow a ground track perpendicular to the extension of the landing runway centerline. This requires that the airplane be angled sufficiently into the wind to prevent drifting farther away from the intended landing ... spot. Figure 9-3. Base leg and final approach. Final Approach After the base-to-final approach turn is completed, the pilot aligns the longitudinal axis of the airplane with the centerline of the runway or landing surface…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-15
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing › Crosswind Final Approach

  Crosswind Final Approach When using the crab method, the pilot makes a coordinated turn to establish a heading (crab) toward the wind. The selected heading should align the airplane’s wings-level ground track with the centerline of the runway ... pilot makes small heading corrections, if needed, to maintain alignment with the runway. [Figure 9-15] The appropriate crab angle is maintained until just prior to touchdown, when the pilot uses rudder control to align the longitudinal axis…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-20
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Turbulent Air Approach and Landing

  Attempted landing in crosswinds that exceed the airplane’s maximum demonstrated crosswind component. 2. Undershooting or overshooting the turn from base leg to final approach. 3. Inadequate compensation for wind drift on final approach. 4. Unstable approach. 5. Excessive sink ... axis aligned with the runway. 7. Touching down while drifting. 8. Excessive airspeed on touchdown. 9. Failure to apply appropriate flight control inputs during rollout. 10. Failure to maintain direction control on rollout. 11. Excessive braking. 12. Loss of aircraft…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-30
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Faulty Approaches and Landings › Low Final Approach

  Faulty Approaches and Landings Landing involves many precise, time-sensitive, and sequential control inputs. When corrected early, small errors are often not noticeable. On the other hand, uncorrected errors may place the airplane and occupants in an undesirable state. Since ... pilot training normally includes exposure to landing deviations and their appropriate remedies, this section covers several common landing imperfections. Low Final Approach When the base leg is too low, insufficient power is used, landing flaps are extended prematurely…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-26
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Power-Off Accuracy Approaches › 180° Power-Off Approach

  Full flaps should be delayed until it is clear that adding them will not cause the landing to be short of the point. The pilot should never try to stretch the glide or retract the flaps to reach the desired ... landing spot. On short final, full attention is given to making a good, safe landing rather than concentrating on the selected landing spot. The approach angle used and final approach airspeed determine the probability of landing on the spot…