PA.IV.M.R1
Risk managementSelection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance
item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…
- Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance
This is one reason for performing approaches with partial power; if the approach is too high, the pilot can lower the nose and reduce the power to maintain the correct airspeed. When the approach is too low, the pilot ... proper angle of descent and airspeed are maintained by integrating pitch and power changes, an untrained or inexperienced pilot may try to reach a landing spot by applying back-elevator pressure without adding power. However, attempting to stretch the final…
- Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing
Common Errors Common errors with forward slips to a landing: 1. Incorrect pitch adjustments that result in poor airspeed control. 2. Reacting to erroneous airspeed indications. 3. Using excess power while trying to lose altitude. 4. A slip ... same direction as any crosswind. 5. Poor glidepath control. 6. Late transition to a sideslip during landing with crosswinds. 7. Landing without the longitudinal axis parallel to runway. 8. Landing off the centerline. Crosswind Approach and Landing Most runways…
- Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Intentional Slips › Forward Slip to a Landing
Forward Slip to a Landing When demonstrating a forward slip to a landing in an airport traffic pattern, the pilot plans the descent such that a forward slip may be used on final approach. Flaps usually remain retracted, and using ... forward slip on downwind or base may be a necessary part of the maneuver. When abeam the landing point on the downwind leg, the pilot initiates a descent by reducing power to idle. If an insufficient rate of descent occurs…
- Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Flight Control Malfunction/Failure › Landing Gear Malfunction
hard surface does, however, create sparks that can ignite fuel. If the airport is so equipped, the pilot can request that the runway surface be foamed. The pilot should consider burning off excess fuel. This reduces landing speed and fire ... potential. If the landing gear malfunction is limited to one main landing gear leg, the pilot should consume as much fuel from that side of the airplane as practicable, thereby reducing the weight of the wing on that side…
- 14 CFR § 61.51 Pilot logbooks.
Pilot logbooks. (iv) When the pilot performs the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command provided— (A) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command holds a commercial or airline transport ... pilot certificate and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft being flown, if a class rating is appropriate; (B) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command is undergoing an approved pilot in command…