PA.V.B.S6

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-5
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Tracking Over and Parallel to a Straight Line

  decrease the angle of bank, which increases or decreases the rate of turn, to achieve the desired constant radius track over the ground. Ground reference maneuvers should always be entered from a downwind position. This allows the pilot to establish ... steepest bank angle required to maintain a constant radius ground track. If the bank is too steep, the pilot should immediately exit the maneuver and re-establish a lateral position that is further from the ground reference. The pilot should…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-10
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights

  Each of these maneuvers is a variation of a turn around a point. Each eight uses two ground reference points about which the airplane turns first in one direction and then the opposite direction—like a figure eight. Eights maneuvers ... designed for the following purposes: ⦁ Further development of the pilot’s skill in maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground references. ⦁ Improving the pilot’s ability to divide attention between the flightpath and ground-based references, manipulation…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-4
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Constant Radius During Turning Flight

  With some experience, pilots may notice how wind direction affects the time needed for various segments of ground-referenced turns. To demonstrate the effect that wind has on turns, the pilot should select a straight-line ground reference, such ... road or railroad track. [Figure 7-3] Choosing a straight-line ground reference that is parallel to the wind, the airplane would be flown into the wind and directly over the selected straight-line ground reference. Once a straight-line…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-1
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Introduction

  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers Introduction During initial training, pilots learn how various flight control pressure inputs affect the airplane. After achieving a sufficient level of competence, the pilot is ready to apply this skill and maintain the airplane ... only at the correct attitude and power configuration, but also along an appropriate course relative to objects on the ground. This skill is the basis for traffic patterns, survey, photographic, sight-seeing, aerial application (crop dusting), and various other flight…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-5
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Rectangular Course

  pilot should scan between far ahead and close to the airplane to practice tracking multiple references. When proficiency has been demonstrated by flying directly over the ground reference line, the pilot should then practice flying a straight parallel path that ... offset from the ground reference. The offset parallel path should not be more than three-fourths of a mile from the reference line. The maneuver should be flown offset from the ground references with the pilot angling the airplane…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-2
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control

  Drift and Ground Track Control Wind direction and velocity variations create the need for flightpath corrections during a ground reference maneuver. In a similar way that water currents affect the progress of a boat or ship, wind directly influences ... path that the airplane travels in reference to the ground. Whenever the airplane is in flight, the movement of the air directly affects the actual ground track of the airplane. For example, an airplane is traveling at 90 knots…