PA.VI.A.S3
SkillNavigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Pilotage
world aeronautical chart on the other. [Figure 16-18] Pilotage Pilotage is navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints. It is a method of navigation that can be used on any course that has adequate checkpoints, but it is more ... commonly used in conjunction with dead reckoning and VFR radio navigation. The checkpoints selected should be prominent features common to the area of the flight. Choose checkpoints that can be readily identified by other features, such as roads, rivers, railroad…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Dead Reckoning › Wind Triangle or Vector Analysis
predicted heading takes the aircraft along the intended path and the GS establishes the time to arrive at each checkpoint and the destination. Except for flights over water, dead reckoning is usually used with pilotage for cross-country flying ... heading and GS, as calculated, is constantly monitored and corrected by pilotage as observed from checkpoints. Wind Triangle or Vector Analysis If there is no wind, the aircraft’s ground track is the same as the heading…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Charting the Course › Steps in Charting the Course
direct route, but makes navigating easier, may be chosen (radio navigation is discussed later in this chapter). Appropriate checkpoints should be selected along the route and noted in some way. These should be easy-to-locate points, such as large ... only a half-dozen houses. (In isolated areas, however, towns represented by a small circle can be prominent checkpoints.) For this trip, four checkpoints have been selected. Checkpoint 1 consists of a tower located east of the course…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › RAIM Capability › Tips for Using GPS for VFR Operations
portrayed using the same four-point star symbol used for IFR waypoints. VFR waypoint collocated with a visual checkpoint on the chart is identified by a small magenta flag symbol. A VFR waypoint collocated with a visual checkpoint is pronounceable ... based on the name of the visual checkpoint and may be used for ATC communications. Each VFR waypoint name appears in parentheses adjacent to the geographic location on the chart. Latitude/longitude data for all established VFR waypoints may be found…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation › Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
year. The following means are provided for pilots to check VOR accuracy: • FAA VOR test facility (VOT) • Certified airborne checkpoints • Certified ground checkpoints located on airport surfaces If an aircraft has two VOR receivers installed, a dual VOR receiver check ... facility. The maximum permissible variation between the two indicated bearings is 4°. A list of the airborne and ground checkpoints is published in the Chart Supplement…