PH.I.F.R4

From the FAA library

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 9-19
  Chapter 9: Weight and Balance Control— Commuter Category and Large Aircraft › Determining CG Changes Caused by Modifying the Cargo › Determining Which Limits Are Exceeded

  exceeded: 1. Determine the zero fuel weight, which is the weight of the aircraft with all of the useful load except the fuel onboard. [Figure 9-55] Figure 9-55. Determining the zero fuel weight. The zero fuel weight ... this parameter is acceptable. 2. Determine the takeoff weight and CG. The takeoff weight is the zero fuel weight plus the weight of the ramp load of fuel, minus the weight of the fuel used for start and taxi…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 4-2
  Chapter 4: Light Sport Aircraft Weight and Balance Control › Weight and Balance

  require weight and balance computations because the load is suspended below the lifting mechanism. The CG range in these types of aircraft is such that it is difficult to exceed CG limits. For example, the rear seat position and fuel ... balloon basket or gondola. While it is difficult to exceed CG limits in these aircraft, pilots should never overload an aircraft, as doing so may cause structural damage and/or failures. Weight affects performance; therefore, pilots should calculate weight and remain…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Weight and Balance › Weight › Weight Limitations

  Although aircraft manufacturers build in safety factors, a pilot should never intentionally exceed the load limits for which a helicopter is certificated. Operating below a minimum weight could adversely affect the handling characteristics of the helicopter. During single-pilot operations…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-10
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Determining Loaded Weight and CG › Weight Shifting

  weight. For example, the pilot may load the aircraft within the allowable takeoff weight limit, then find that the CG limit has been exceeded. The most satisfactory solution to this problem is to shift baggage, passengers, or both. The pilot ... shifting a load to a new location will correct an out-of-limit condition. There are some standardized calculations that can help make these determinations. Weight Shifting When weight is shifted from one location to another, the total weight…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 6-3
  Chapter 6: Weight and Balance › Balance › CG Aft of Aft Limit

  CG Aft of Aft Limit Without proper ballast in the cockpit, exceeding…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 13-14
  Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Weight and Balance

  determined by the minimum acceptable longitudinal stability. It is contrary to the airplane’s operating limitations and 14 CFR to exceed any weight and balance parameter. Some multiengine airplanes may require ballast to remain within CG limits under certain loading ... avoid exceeding the aft CG limit. The pilot should direct the seating of passengers and placement of baggage and cargo to achieve a CG within the approved envelope. Most multiengine airplanes have general loading recommendations in the weight and balance…