Private Pilot for Rotorcraft Category Helicopter Rating
›Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation8 tasks
Task A. Pilot Qualifications
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with airman and medical certificates including privileges, limitations, currency, and operating as pilot-incommand as a private pilot.
References: 14 CFR parts 61, 68, 91; AC 68-1; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.I.A.K1Certification requirements, recent flight experience, and recordkeeping.PH.I.A.K2Privileges and limitations.PH.I.A.K3Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications.PH.I.A.K4Documents required to exercise private pilot privileges.PH.I.A.K5Part 68 BasicMed privileges and limitations.
Task B. Airworthiness Requirements
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with airworthiness requirements, including aircraft certificates.
References: 14 CFR parts 27, 29, 39, 43, 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.I.B.K1General airworthiness requirements and compliance for a helicopter, including:PH.I.B.K1aLocation and expiration dates of required aircraft certificatesPH.I.B.K1bRequired inspections and aircraft logbook documentationPH.I.B.K1cAirworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information BulletinsPH.I.B.K1dPurpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permitPH.I.B.K1eOwner/Operator and pilot-in-command responsibilitiesPH.I.B.K2Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.PH.I.B.K3Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:PH.I.B.K3aFlying with inoperative equipmentPH.I.B.K3bUsing an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)PH.I.B.K3cKinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)PH.I.B.K3dRequired discrepancy records or placardsPH.I.B.K4Special airworthiness certificate aircraft operating limitations, if applicable.
Task C. Weather Information
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with weather information for a flight under VFR.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-92; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28
PH.I.C.K1Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.PH.I.C.K2Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:PH.I.C.K2aAirport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)PH.I.C.K2bSurface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)PH.I.C.K2cTerminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)PH.I.C.K2dGraphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)PH.I.C.K2eWind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)PH.I.C.K2fConvective Outlook (AC)PH.I.C.K2gInflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMETPH.I.C.K3Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:PH.I.C.K3aAtmospheric composition and stabilityPH.I.C.K3bWind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)PH.I.C.K3cTemperature and heat exchangePH.I.C.K3dMoisture/precipitationPH.I.C.K3eWeather system formation, including air masses and frontsPH.I.C.K3fCloudsPH.I.C.K3gTurbulencePH.I.C.K3hThunderstorms and microburstsPH.I.C.K3iIcing and freezing level informationPH.I.C.K3jFog/mistPH.I.C.K3kFrostPH.I.C.K3lObstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)PH.I.C.K4Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
PH.I.C.R1Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:PH.I.C.R1aCircumstances that would make diversion prudentPH.I.C.R1bPersonal weather minimumsPH.I.C.R1cHazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloftPH.I.C.R2Use and limitations of:PH.I.C.R2aInstalled onboard weather equipmentPH.I.C.R2bAviation weather reports and forecastsPH.I.C.R2cInflight weather resources
PH.I.C.S1Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.PH.I.C.S2Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.PH.I.C.S3Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
Note: If K2 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements. If K3 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Task D. Cross-Country Flight Planning
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with cross-country flights and VFR flight planning.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91.21-1; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts; NOTAMs; VFR Navigation Charts
PH.I.D.K1Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.PH.I.D.K1aUse of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if usedPH.I.D.K2Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, autorotation requirements of the helicopter, VFR cruising altitudes, and the effect of wind.PH.I.D.K3Calculating:PH.I.D.K3aTime, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeedPH.I.D.K3bEstimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)PH.I.D.K3cFuel requirements, including reservePH.I.D.K4Elements of a VFR flight plan.PH.I.D.K5Procedures for filing, activating, and closing a VFR flight plan.PH.I.D.K6Inflight intercept procedures.
PH.I.D.R1Pilot.PH.I.D.R2Aircraft.PH.I.D.R3Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles, including wire strike hazards).PH.I.D.R4External pressures.PH.I.D.R5Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.PH.I.D.R6Fuel planning.PH.I.D.R7Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.I.D.S1Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis based on real-time weather, to the first fuel stop.PH.I.D.S2Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.PH.I.D.S3Create a navigation plan and simulate filing a VFR flight plan.PH.I.D.S4Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.PH.I.D.S5Use an electronic flight bag (EFB), if applicable.
Note: Preparation, presentation, and explanation of a computer-generated flight plan is an acceptable option.
Task E. National Airspace System
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with National Airspace System (NAS) operations under VFR as a private pilot.
References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts; VFR Navigation Charts
PH.I.E.S1Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.PH.I.E.S2Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.PH.I.E.S3Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
Task F. Performance and Limitations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with operating a helicopter safely within the parameters of its performance capabilities and limitations.
References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.I.F.K1Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.PH.I.F.K2Factors affecting performance, including:PH.I.F.K2aAtmospheric conditionsPH.I.F.K2bPilot techniquePH.I.F.K2cHelicopter configurationPH.I.F.K2dAirport, heliport, helipad, or unprepared surface environmentPH.I.F.K3Loading and weight and balance.PH.I.F.K4Aerodynamics.PH.I.F.K5Height/Velocity (H/V) diagram according to the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM).
PH.I.F.R1Use of performance charts, tables, and data.PH.I.F.R2Helicopter limitations.PH.I.F.R3Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.PH.I.F.R4Exceeding weight limits.PH.I.F.R5Operating outside of CG limits.PH.I.F.R6Shifting, adding, and removing weight.PH.I.F.R7Retreating blade stall.PH.I.F.R8Situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness (LTE).
Task G. Operation of Systems
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with safe operation of systems on the helicopter provided for the flight test.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.I.G.K1Helicopter systems, including:PH.I.G.K1aFlight controls, trim, and if installed, stability controlPH.I.G.K1bPowerplant(s)PH.I.G.K1cMain rotor and antitorque systemsPH.I.G.K1dTransmission and associated drive shaftsPH.I.G.K1eFuel, oil, and hydraulicPH.I.G.K1fAvionicsPH.I.G.K1gLanding gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as applicablePH.I.G.K1hElectricalPH.I.G.K1iPitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instrumentsPH.I.G.K1jEnvironmentalPH.I.G.K1kAnti-icing and deicing, including carburetor heat, if applicablePH.I.G.K2Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
Note: If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Task H. Human Factors
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.I.H.K1Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:PH.I.H.K1aHypoxiaPH.I.H.K1bHyperventilationPH.I.H.K1cMiddle ear and sinus problemsPH.I.H.K1dSpatial disorientationPH.I.H.K1eMotion sicknessPH.I.H.K1fCarbon monoxide poisoningPH.I.H.K1gStressPH.I.H.K1hFatiguePH.I.H.K1iDehydration and nutritionPH.I.H.K1jHypothermiaPH.I.H.K1kOptical illusionsPH.I.H.K1lDissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba divesPH.I.H.K2Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.PH.I.H.K3Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.PH.I.H.K4Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
›Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures4 tasks
Task A. Preflight Assessment
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with preparation for safe flight.
References: AC 91-32; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.II.A.K1Pilot self-assessment.PH.II.A.K2Determining that the helicopter to be used is in an airworthy condition.PH.II.A.K3Helicopter preflight inspection, including:PH.II.A.K3aWhich items should be inspectedPH.II.A.K3bThe reasons for checking each itemPH.II.A.K3cHow to detect possible defectsPH.II.A.K3dThe associated regulationsPH.II.A.K4Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
Task B. Flight Deck Management
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flight deck management practices.
References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.II.B.S1Secure all items in the aircraft.PH.II.B.S2Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, passenger conduct, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.PH.II.B.S3Properly program and manage helicopter automation, as applicable.PH.II.B.S4Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Task C. Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with recommended powerplant starting and rotor engagement procedures.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.II.C.S1Position the helicopter properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.PH.II.C.S2Use flight control frictions, if required.PH.II.C.S3Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.II.C.S4Engage and manage the rotor system, as appropriate.
Task D. Before Takeoff Check
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with before takeoff check.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.II.D.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.II.D.S2Review takeoff performance and emergency procedures.PH.II.D.S3Verify that the powerplant temperature(s) and pressure(s) are suitable for takeoff.PH.II.D.S4Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.II.D.S5Divide attention inside and outside the helicopter.
›Area of Operation III. Airport and Heliport Operations3 tasks
Task A. Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with runway/taxiway/heliport/helipad signs, markings and lighting.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Task B. Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal and emergency radio communications, air traffic control (ATC) light signals, and runway lighting systems.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.III.B.K1How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.PH.III.B.K2Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.PH.III.B.K3ATC light signal recognition.PH.III.B.K4Appropriate use of transponder(s).PH.III.B.K5Lost communication procedures.PH.III.B.K6Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.PH.III.B.K7Radar assistance.PH.III.B.K8National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident/incident reporting.PH.III.B.K9Runway Status Lighting Systems.
PH.III.B.S1Select and activate appropriate frequencies.PH.III.B.S2Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.PH.III.B.S3Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
Task C. Traffic Patterns
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with traffic patterns.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.III.C.S1Identify and interpret airport/heliport/helipad/landing area runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.PH.III.C.S2Comply with recommended helicopter traffic pattern procedures, as appropriate.PH.III.C.S3Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.PH.III.C.S4Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use, as applicable.PH.III.C.S5Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.PH.III.C.S6Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other traffic or avoid the flow of fixed-wing traffic, as appropriate.
Note: Task D must be tested in addition to the other Tasks if the applicant supplies a helicopter with wheel-type landing gear.
›Area of Operation IV. Hovering Maneuvers5 tasks
Task A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with vertical takeoff and landing from a hover.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-95; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IV.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.IV.A.S2Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.PH.IV.A.S3Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.IV.A.S4Ascend to and maintain recommended hovering altitude, and descend from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, without drift.PH.IV.A.S5Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.PH.IV.A.S6Maintain position within 4 feet of a designated point with no aft movement.PH.IV.A.S7Descend vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown point.PH.IV.A.S8Maintain specified heading, ± 10°.
Task B. Hover Taxi
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IV.B.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PH.IV.B.K2Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.PH.IV.B.K3Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PH.IV.B.K4Visual indicators for wind.PH.IV.B.K5Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PH.IV.B.K6Procedures for:PH.IV.B.K6aPilot activities during taxiingPH.IV.B.K6bSafe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areasPH.IV.B.K6cEntering or crossing runwaysPH.IV.B.K7Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.PH.IV.B.K8Aircraft operating limitations.
PH.IV.B.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.IV.B.R2Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.PH.IV.B.R3Runway incursion.PH.IV.B.R4Other aircraft, vehicles, persons, and hazards.PH.IV.B.R5Hazardous effects of downwash.PH.IV.B.R6Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.PH.IV.B.R7Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.PH.IV.B.R8Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.IV.B.S2Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.PH.IV.B.S3Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.PH.IV.B.S4Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.PH.IV.B.S5Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.IV.B.S6Maintain a straight ground track within ±4 feet of a designated ground track.PH.IV.B.S7Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.PH.IV.B.S8Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.PH.IV.B.S9Maintain a constant rate of turn at pivot points.PH.IV.B.S10Maintain a position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.PH.IV.B.S11Make a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.PH.IV.B.S12Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the maneuver.
Task C. Air Taxi
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with air taxi operations.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IV.C.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PH.IV.C.K2Air taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.PH.IV.C.K3Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PH.IV.C.K4Visual indicators for wind.PH.IV.C.K5Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PH.IV.C.K6Procedures for:PH.IV.C.K6aPilot activities during taxiingPH.IV.C.K6bSafe air taxi at towered and nontowered airportsPH.IV.C.K6cOverflying of runwaysPH.IV.C.K7Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.C.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.IV.C.R2Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.PH.IV.C.R3Runway incursion.PH.IV.C.R4Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.PH.IV.C.R5H/V diagram performance in case of powerplant failure.PH.IV.C.R6Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.IV.C.S2Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.PH.IV.C.S3Select a safe airspeed and altitude.PH.IV.C.S4Maintain desired track and groundspeed in headwind and crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.PH.IV.C.S5Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.IV.C.S6Comply with airport/heliport/helipad/landing area markings, lights, signs, and ATC instructions.PH.IV.C.S7Maintain specified altitude, ±10 feet.
Task D. Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IV.D.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PH.IV.D.K2Taxi instructions/clearances.PH.IV.D.K3Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PH.IV.D.K4Visual indicators for wind.PH.IV.D.K5Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PH.IV.D.K6Procedures for:PH.IV.D.K6aAppropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot SpotsPH.IV.D.K6bSafe taxi at towered and nontowered airportsPH.IV.D.K6cEntering or crossing runways
PH.IV.D.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.IV.D.S2Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.PH.IV.D.S3Properly position nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.PH.IV.D.S4Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of directional control.PH.IV.D.S5Properly use cyclic, collective, and brakes as applicable to control speed while taxiing.PH.IV.D.S6Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.IV.D.S7Maintain specified track within 4 feet.PH.IV.D.S8Position the helicopter relative to hold lines or a specified point.PH.IV.D.S9Receive and comply with ATC clearances/instructions, if applicable.PH.IV.D.S10Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, lights, and signals.
Task E. Slope Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with slope operations.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IV.E.R1Operations on a slope.PH.IV.E.R2Conditions leading to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.PH.IV.E.R3Embarking or disembarking passengers and rotor blade hazards.PH.IV.E.R4Conditions leading to dynamic rollover.PH.IV.E.R5Surface conditions.PH.IV.E.R6Collision hazards.PH.IV.E.R7Exceeding the manufacturer's slope limitations.
PH.IV.E.S1Select a suitable slope.PH.IV.E.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.IV.E.S3Properly approach the slope considering wind effect and obstacles.PH.IV.E.S4Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.IV.E.S5Maintain heading and ground position and prevent movement of aircraft on slope.PH.IV.E.S6Make a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid or wheel(s) on the sloping surface.PH.IV.E.S7Recognize if slope is too steep and abandon the operation prior to reaching cyclic control stops.PH.IV.E.S8Maintain positive control while lowering the downslope skid or wheel to touchdown.PH.IV.E.S9Neutralize controls after landing.PH.IV.E.S10Make a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover parallel to the slope.PH.IV.E.S11Properly move away from the slope.PH.IV.E.S12Maintain a specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task. The evaluator shall select Task A, B, C, D, E and at least one other Task. Task I must be tested in addition to the other Tasks if the applicant supplies a helicopter with wheel-type landing gear.
›Area of Operation V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds9 tasks
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures.
References: AIM, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.A.R1Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PH.V.A.R2Effects of:PH.V.A.R2aCrosswindPH.V.A.R2bWindshearPH.V.A.R2cTailwindPH.V.A.R2dTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.A.R2eRunway/departure point surface/conditionPH.V.A.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:PH.V.A.R3aRejected takeoffPH.V.A.R3bPowerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightPH.V.A.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.A.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.V.A.R6Runway incursion.
PH.V.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.A.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.A.S3Verify assigned/correct runway, if at an airport.PH.V.A.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PH.V.A.S5Clear the area, taxi into the takeoff position, and align the helicopter on the runway centerline or with takeoff path.PH.V.A.S6Establish a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized hover prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions.PH.V.A.S7Confirm takeoff power and instrument indications prior to forward movement.PH.V.A.S8After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.PH.V.A.S9Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.A.S10Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, as needed.PH.V.A.S11Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.PH.V.A.S12Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Task B. Normal and Crosswind Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal and crosswind approach.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.B.R1Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.PH.V.B.R2Effects of:PH.V.B.R2aCrosswindPH.V.B.R2bWindshearPH.V.B.R2cTailwindPH.V.B.R2dTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.B.R2eVortex ring state (VRS)PH.V.B.R2fTouchdown surface and conditionPH.V.B.R3Go-around/rejected landing.PH.V.B.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.B.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.V.B.R6Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.B.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.B.S3Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PH.V.B.S4Align the helicopter with the correct/assigned runway or touchdown point.PH.V.B.S5Scan the landing area/touchdown point and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.PH.V.B.S6Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.PH.V.B.S7Establish and maintain a normal approach angle and rate of closure.PH.V.B.S8Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.B.S9Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.PH.V.B.S10Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Task C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with maximum performance takeoff and climb.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.C.R1Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PH.V.C.R2Effects of:PH.V.C.R2aCrosswindPH.V.C.R2bWindshearPH.V.C.R2cTailwindPH.V.C.R2dTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.C.R2eSurface conditionsPH.V.C.R3Abnormal operations including:PH.V.C.R3aRejected takeoffPH.V.C.R3bPowerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightPH.V.C.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.C.R5Low rotor rpm.PH.V.C.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.C.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.C.S3Use control inputs to initiate lift-off from the takeoff position using a forward climb attitude to fly the departure profile.PH.V.C.S4Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits.PH.V.C.S5Use required takeoff power, or power as specified by the evaluator.PH.V.C.S6After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±5 knots, and power setting.PH.V.C.S7Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.
Task D. Steep Approach
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep approach.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.D.K1A stabilized steep approach.PH.V.D.K2Approach techniques and applicability.PH.V.D.K3Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.PH.V.D.K4Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.PH.V.D.K5Wind correction techniques.PH.V.D.K6Aircraft performance and limitations.
PH.V.D.R1Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.PH.V.D.R2Effects of:PH.V.D.R2aWind DirectionPH.V.D.R2bWindshearPH.V.D.R2cTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.D.R3Planning for.PH.V.D.R3aRejected landing and go-aroundPH.V.D.R3bPowerplant failure during the approachPH.V.D.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.D.R5Vortex ring state (VRS).PH.V.D.R6Landing surface.PH.V.D.R7Aircraft limitations.PH.V.D.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.V.D.R9Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).PH.V.D.R10Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
PH.V.D.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.D.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.D.S3Consider the wind direction and conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.PH.V.D.S4Select a suitable termination point.PH.V.D.S5Establish and maintain a steep approach angle, (15° maximum) and proper rate of closure.PH.V.D.S6Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.PH.V.D.S7Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.D.S8Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.PH.V.D.S9Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task E. Go-Around
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with go-around with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go-around.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.E.S1Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach or at the direction of the evaluator.PH.V.E.S2Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits while applying proper control input to stop descent and initiate climb.PH.V.E.S3Transition to a positive rate of climb and appropriate airspeed of ±10 knots.PH.V.E.S4Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.PH.V.E.S5Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.PH.V.E.S6Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.E.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PH.V.E.S8Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task F. Confined Area Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with confined area operations.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.F.K1Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.V.F.K2Situations when a confined area approach and landing is recommended and factors related to landing performance including H/V diagram information.PH.V.F.K3High and low reconnaissance, including takeoff and departure planning.PH.V.F.K4Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.R1Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, wind, and availability of alternate sites.PH.V.F.R2Effects of:PH.V.F.R2aWind DirectionPH.V.F.R2bWindshearPH.V.F.R2cTurbulencePH.V.F.R3H/V diagram information.PH.V.F.R4Go-around.PH.V.F.R5Forced landing during the maneuver.PH.V.F.R6Landing surface.PH.V.F.R7Dynamic rollover.PH.V.F.R8Ground resonance.PH.V.F.R9Low rotor rpm.PH.V.F.R10Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).PH.V.F.R11Collision hazards.PH.V.F.R12Vortex ring state (VRS).PH.V.F.R13Aircraft limitations.PH.V.F.R14Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.V.F.R15Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.F.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.F.S3Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).PH.V.F.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PH.V.F.S5Accomplish a proper high and low reconnaissance of the confined landing area.PH.V.F.S6Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.PH.V.F.S7Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.PH.V.F.S8Continually evaluate the suitability of the confined landing area and termination point.PH.V.F.S9Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.F.S10Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.PH.V.F.S11Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.PH.V.F.S12Select a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.PH.V.F.S13Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task G. Pinnacle Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pinnacle operations.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.G.K1Elements of pinnacle/platform operations.PH.V.G.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.V.G.K3Suitable takeoff point and departure flight path during climb.PH.V.G.K4Situations when a pinnacle/platform approach, landing and takeoff is recommended and factors related to aircraft performance.PH.V.G.K5Elements of a high and low reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.R1Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.PH.V.G.R2Effects of:PH.V.G.R2aWind DirectionPH.V.G.R2bWindshearPH.V.G.R2cTurbulencePH.V.G.R3H/V diagram information.PH.V.G.R4Go-around.PH.V.G.R5Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight.PH.V.G.R6Collision hazards.PH.V.G.R7Vortex ring state (VRS).PH.V.G.R8Landing surface.PH.V.G.R9Low rotor rpm.PH.V.G.R10Dynamic rollover.PH.V.G.R11Ground resonance.PH.V.G.R12Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).PH.V.G.R13Aircraft limitations.PH.V.G.R14Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.V.G.R15Main and tail rotor hazards for passengers.PH.V.G.R16Forced landing.
PH.V.G.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.G.S2Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).PH.V.G.S3Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.G.S4Accomplish high and low reconnaissance.PH.V.G.S5Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PH.V.G.S6Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.PH.V.G.S7Select an approach path considering wind direction.PH.V.G.S8Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.PH.V.G.S9Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.G.S10Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.PH.V.G.S11Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.PH.V.G.S12Select a suitable takeoff point and consider factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
Task H. Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with shallow approach and running/roll-on landing operation.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.H.R1Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.PH.V.H.R2Effects of:PH.V.H.R2aWind DirectionPH.V.H.R2bWindshearPH.V.H.R2cTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.H.R3Planning for:PH.V.H.R3aPowerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flightPH.V.H.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.H.R5Landing surface.PH.V.H.R6Dynamic rollover.PH.V.H.R7Ground resonance.PH.V.H.R8Aircraft limitations.PH.V.H.R9Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.H.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.H.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.H.S3Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.H.S4Establish and maintain the recommended approach angle and proper rate of closure.PH.V.H.S5Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction.PH.V.H.S6Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track.PH.V.H.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control.PH.V.H.S8Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task I. Rolling Takeoff (Wheel-Type Landing Gear)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rolling takeoff with wheel-type landing gear.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.V.I.R1Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PH.V.I.R2Effects of:PH.V.I.R2aWind DirectionPH.V.I.R2bWindshearPH.V.I.R2cTurbulence, including wake turbulencePH.V.I.R3Planning for:PH.V.I.R3aHeight/Velocity (H/V) considerationsPH.V.I.R3bRejected takeoffPH.V.I.R3cPowerplant failure during takeoff/climb phase of flightPH.V.I.R4Collision hazards.PH.V.I.R5Takeoff surface.PH.V.I.R6Landing gear.PH.V.I.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.I.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.V.I.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.V.I.S3Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PH.V.I.S4Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.PH.V.I.S5Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.V.I.S6Use control inputs that initiate the takeoff roll.PH.V.I.S7Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, while accelerating.PH.V.I.S8Transition to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and set appropriate power.PH.V.I.S9Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction after liftoff.PH.V.I.S10Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing. The evaluator must select Task A and at least one other Task.
›Area of Operation VI. Performance Maneuvers3 tasks
Task A. Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rapid deceleration/quick stop and conditions that may require a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VI.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VI.A.S2Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.PH.VI.A.S3Coordinate all controls throughout the execution of the maneuver to terminate in a hover at an appropriate hover height.PH.VI.A.S4Maintain an altitude that permits safe clearance between the tail boom and the surface.PH.VI.A.S5Maintain heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.
Task B. Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a straight-in autorotation to a power recovery.
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VI.B.R1Low entry altitudes.PH.VI.B.R2Flight control inputs.PH.VI.B.R3Turbulence, including wake turbulence.PH.VI.B.R4Windshear.PH.VI.B.R5Energy management.PH.VI.B.R6Main rotor (Nr) speed.PH.VI.B.R7Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.PH.VI.B.R8Main rotor (Nr) overspeed.PH.VI.B.R9Excessive rate of descent.PH.VI.B.R10Powerplant failure during the maneuver.PH.VI.B.R11Collision hazards.PH.VI.B.R12Terminating an autorotation.PH.VI.B.R13Power recovery and go-around.PH.VI.B.R14Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VI.B.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.VI.B.S3Select a suitable landing area.PH.VI.B.S4Clear the area.PH.VI.B.S5Select an appropriate entry altitude.PH.VI.B.S6Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.PH.VI.B.S7Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.PH.VI.B.S8Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.PH.VI.B.S9Compensate for wind speed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.PH.VI.B.S10Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.PH.VI.B.S11Initiate proper power recovery.PH.VI.B.S12Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with autorotation with turns.
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VI.C.R1Low entry altitudes.PH.VI.C.R2Flight control inputs.PH.VI.C.R3Turbulence, including wake turbulence.PH.VI.C.R4Windshear.PH.VI.C.R5Energy management.PH.VI.C.R6Main rotor (Nr) speed.PH.VI.C.R7Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.PH.VI.C.R9Excessive rate of descent.PH.VI.C.R10Powerplant failure during the maneuver.PH.VI.C.R11Rolling out of the turn.PH.VI.C.R12Collision hazards.PH.VI.C.R13Terminating an autorotation.PH.VI.C.R14Power recovery and go-around.PH.VI.C.R15Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VI.C.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.VI.C.S3Select a suitable landing area.PH.VI.C.S4Clear the area.PH.VI.C.S5Select an appropriate entry altitude.PH.VI.C.S6Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.PH.VI.C.S7Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.PH.VI.C.S8Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.PH.VI.C.S9Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.PH.VI.C.S10Roll out no lower than 300 feet above ground level (AGL) along the flight path to the selected landing area.PH.VI.C.S11Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.PH.VI.C.S12Initiate proper power recovery.PH.VI.C.S13Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation VII. Navigation4 tasks
Task A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pilotage and dead reckoning.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts; VFR Navigation Charts
PH.VII.A.K1Pilotage and dead reckoning.PH.VII.A.K2Magnetic compass errors.PH.VII.A.K3Topography.PH.VII.A.K4Selection of appropriate:PH.VII.A.K4aRoutePH.VII.A.K4bAltitude(s)PH.VII.A.K4cCheckpointsPH.VII.A.K5Plotting a course, including:PH.VII.A.K5aDetermining heading, speed, and coursePH.VII.A.K5bWind correction anglePH.VII.A.K5cEstimating time, speed, and distancePH.VII.A.K5dTrue airspeed and density altitudePH.VII.A.K6Power setting selection.PH.VII.A.K7Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
PH.VII.A.S1Prepare and use a flight log.PH.VII.A.S2Navigate by pilotage.PH.VII.A.S3Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.PH.VII.A.S4Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.PH.VII.A.S5Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.PH.VII.A.S6Correct for and record the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.PH.VII.A.S7Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.PH.VII.A.S8Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.
Task B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with navigation systems and radar services.
References: AC 91-78; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.VII.B.K1Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).PH.VII.B.K2Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).PH.VII.B.K3Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).PH.VII.B.K4Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
PH.VII.B.R1Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.PH.VII.B.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.VII.B.R3Limitations of the navigation system in use.PH.VII.B.R4Loss of a navigation signal.PH.VII.B.R5Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.VII.B.S1Use an airborne electronic navigation system.PH.VII.B.S2Determine the aircraft's position using the navigation system.PH.VII.B.S3Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.PH.VII.B.S4Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.PH.VII.B.S5Recognize loss of navigational signal and take appropriate action.PH.VII.B.S6Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.PH.VII.B.S7Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
Note: The evaluator should reference the manufacturer’s equipment supplement(s) as necessary for appropriate limitations, procedures, etc.
Task C. Diversion
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with diversion.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts, VFR Navigation Charts
PH.VII.C.R1Collision hazards.PH.VII.C.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.VII.C.R3Circumstances that would make diversion prudent.PH.VII.C.R4Selecting an airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable.PH.VII.C.R5Using available resources (e.g., automation, ATC, and flight deck planning aids).
PH.VII.C.S1Select a suitable airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable, and route for diversion.PH.VII.C.S2Make a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel required to the “divert to” destination.PH.VII.C.S3Promptly divert toward the airport/heliport/helipad.PH.VII.C.S4Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.PH.VII.C.S5Update/interpret weather in flight.PH.VII.C.S6Use displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as applicable to maintain situational awareness.
Task D. Lost Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with lost procedures and can take appropriate steps to achieve a satisfactory outcome if lost.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts, VFR Navigation Charts
PH.VII.D.S1Select an appropriate course of action.PH.VII.D.S2Use an appropriate method to determine position.PH.VII.D.S3Maintain an appropriate heading and climb as necessary.PH.VII.D.S4Identify prominent landmarks.PH.VII.D.S5Use navigation systems/facilities or contact an ATC facility for assistance.
Note: Tasks G through J are tested orally only. Task C must be tested in addition to the other Tasks if the applicant supplies a multiengine helicopter.
›Area of Operation VIII. Emergency Operations11 tasks
Task A. Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with powerplant failure in-ground effect (IGE) hover
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.A.K1Elements related to powerplant failure in a hover, including energy management concepts.PH.VIII.A.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.VIII.A.K3High and low inertia of rotor systems.PH.VIII.A.K4Aerodynamics associated with powerplant failure in a hover.PH.VIII.A.K5Proper orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
PH.VIII.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VIII.A.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.VIII.A.S3Clear the area.PH.VIII.A.S4Select a suitable landing area.PH.VIII.A.S5Establish a stationary or forward hover into the wind.PH.VIII.A.S6Simulate powerplant failure.PH.VIII.A.S7Maintain a heading, ±10°, throughout the maneuver.PH.VIII.A.S8Touchdown with minimum sideward movement and no rearward movement.PH.VIII.A.S9Use appropriate flight control inputs to cushion the touchdown.PH.VIII.A.S10After touchdown, lower collective and neutralize flight controls.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Task B. Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a simulated powerplant failure at altitude. To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a simulated powerplant failure at altitude.
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.B.K1Elements of a powerplant failure at altitude.PH.VIII.B.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.VIII.B.K3Main rotor (Nr) speed.PH.VIII.B.K4Energy management.PH.VIII.B.K5Causes and effects of high descent rates.PH.VIII.B.K6Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VIII.B.R1Low entry altitudes.PH.VIII.B.R2Selection of landing area.PH.VIII.B.R3Flight control inputs.PH.VIII.B.R4Turbulence, including wake turbulence.PH.VIII.B.R5Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.PH.VIII.B.R6Windshear.PH.VIII.B.R7Powerplant failure during the maneuver.PH.VIII.B.R8Collision hazards.PH.VIII.B.R9Autorotation power-off never-exceed speed (VNE) limitation.PH.VIII.B.R10Helicopter trim.PH.VIII.B.R11Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.B.S1Establish an autorotation.PH.VIII.B.S2Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.PH.VIII.B.S3Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.PH.VIII.B.S4Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.PH.VIII.B.S5Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.PH.VIII.B.S6Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.VIII.B.S7Terminate approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude as directed by the evaluator.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter Only)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with approach and landing with one engine inoperative (simulated).
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.C.S1Maintain the operating powerplant within OEI limits.PH.VIII.C.S2Maintain, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the recommended flight profile with altitude ±200 feet, airspeed, ±20 knots, heading ±10°, and maintain track.PH.VIII.C.S3Make radio calls as appropriate.PH.VIII.C.S4Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.PH.VIII.C.S5Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VIII.C.S6Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.PH.VIII.C.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with causes, indications, and pilot actions for system malfunctions.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
PH.VIII.D.K1Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).PH.VIII.D.K2System and equipment malfunctions specific to the helicopter, including:PH.VIII.D.K2aElectrical malfunctionPH.VIII.D.K2bFlight instrument malfunctionsPH.VIII.D.K2cPitot-static system malfunctionPH.VIII.D.K2dElectronic flight deck display malfunctionPH.VIII.D.K2eLanding gear malfunctionsPH.VIII.D.K2fInoperative flight control/trimPH.VIII.D.K2gHydraulic failure, if applicablePH.VIII.D.K3Various frequency vibrations and the possible components that may be affected.PH.VIII.D.K4Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.PH.VIII.D.K5Any other system malfunction specific to the helicopter flown.
Task E. Vortex Ring State (VRS)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with main rotor Vortex Ring State (VRS).
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.E.K1Elements of vortex ring state.PH.VIII.E.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.VIII.E.K3Requirements for the formation of VRS.PH.VIII.E.K4Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.PH.VIII.E.K5Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.PH.VIII.E.K6Effective recovery techniques.
PH.VIII.E.R1Pilot recognition and response to VRS.PH.VIII.E.R2Entering the maneuver at a lower altitude than planned.PH.VIII.E.R3Application of power or exceeding powerplant limitations.PH.VIII.E.R4Collision hazards.PH.VIII.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.VIII.E.R6Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.VIII.E.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.VIII.E.S2Clear the area.PH.VIII.E.S3Select an altitude that allows recovery to be completed no lower than 1,000 feet AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is higher.PH.VIII.E.S4Establish conditions leading to VRS entry.PH.VIII.E.S5Promptly recognize, announce, and recover at the first indication of VRS.PH.VIII.E.S6Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with low rotor rpm recognition and recovery.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.F.K1Elements related to low rotor rpm recovery energy management, including the combination of conditions that may lead to this situation.PH.VIII.F.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PH.VIII.F.K3Aerodynamics that affect low rotor rpm conditions.PH.VIII.F.K4Powerplant performance.PH.VIII.F.K5Main rotor (Nr) limitations.PH.VIII.F.K6Difference between low rotor rpm and blade stall.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task G. Antitorque System Failure
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with an antitorque system failure.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.G.K1Elements related to antitorque system failure by describing:PH.VIII.G.K1aIndications of an antitorque system failure(s)PH.VIII.G.K1bDifferences between complete loss of antitorque and mechanical flight control failuresPH.VIII.G.K1cRFM procedures for antitorque system(s) failurePH.VIII.G.K2Wind conditions that favor a landing with an antitorque failure.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Task H. Dynamic Rollover
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with dynamic rollover.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM; SAFO 16016
PH.VIII.H.R1Surface conditions conducive to dynamic rollover.PH.VIII.H.R2Landing gear proximity to obstructions on the ground during low altitude hover.PH.VIII.H.R3Flight control inputs during takeoff or landing.PH.VIII.H.R4Sideward hover.PH.VIII.H.R5Aircraft slope limitations.PH.VIII.H.R6Critical rollover angle and rolling moment.PH.VIII.H.R7Translating tendency.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Task I. Ground Resonance
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with ground resonance.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.I.K1Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground resonance by describing:PH.VIII.I.K1aConditions that contribute to ground resonancePH.VIII.I.K1bPreventive flight technique during takeoffs and landingsPH.VIII.I.K1cLanding surfacePH.VIII.I.K2Inspection of items that may contribute to ground resonance.PH.VIII.I.K3Corrective actions during low and normal rotor rpm speeds.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Task J. Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with low G conditions.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.J.K1Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions by describing:PH.VIII.J.K1aAerodynamic factors related to low G conditionsPH.VIII.J.K1bSituations that contribute to low G conditionsPH.VIII.J.K1cAvoidance, recognition, and appropriate recovery proceduresPH.VIII.J.K2Effects of low G conditions on various rotor systems.PH.VIII.J.K3Pilot responses that lead to mast bumping in a low G condition, if applicable.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Task K. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with emergency equipment, and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter and environment encountered during flight.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.VIII.K.K1Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.PH.VIII.K.K2Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.PH.VIII.K.K3Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:PH.VIII.K.K3aClimate extremes (hot/cold)PH.VIII.K.K3bMountainous terrainPH.VIII.K.K3cOverwater operations
›Area of Operation IX. Night Operations1 tasks
Task A. Night Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with night operations.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.IX.A.K1Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.PH.IX.A.K2Personal equipment essential for night flight.PH.IX.A.K3Helicopter equipment and lighting requirements for night operations.PH.IX.A.K4Lighting systems identifying airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.PH.IX.A.K5Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.PH.IX.A.K6Night taxi operations.PH.IX.A.K7Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.PH.IX.A.K8Visual illusions at night.PH.IX.A.K9Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PH.IX.A.R1Collision hazards.PH.IX.A.R2Runway incursion.PH.IX.A.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PH.IX.A.R4Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.PH.IX.A.R5Night currency versus proficiency.PH.IX.A.R6Weather considerations specific to night operations.PH.IX.A.R7Inoperative equipment.
Note: For applicants that reside in Alaska, refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.110.
›Area of Operation X. Postflight Procedures1 tasks
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with after landing, parking, and securing procedures.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
PH.X.A.S1Minimize the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during hovering.PH.X.A.S2Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.PH.X.A.S3Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PH.X.A.S5Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.PH.X.A.S6Secure the helicopter.
Note: s to emphasize special considerations. During the ground and flight portion of the practical test, the FAA expects evaluators to assess the applicant's mastery of the topic in accordance with the level of learning most appropriate for the specified Task. The oral questioning will continue throughout the entire practical test. For some topics, the evaluator will ask the applicant to describe or explain. For other items, the evaluator will assess the applicant's understanding by providing a scenario that requires the applicant to appropriately apply and/or correlate knowledge, experience, and information to the circumstances of the given scenario. The flight portion of the practical test requires the applicant to demonstrate knowledge, risk management, flight proficiency, and operational skill in accordance with the ACS. The elements within each Task in this ACS are coded according to a scheme that includes four components. For example, PH.I.C.K2: PH = Applicable ACS I = Area of Operation C = Task K2 = Task element (in this example, Knowledge 2) There is no requirement for an evaluator to test every knowledge and risk management element in a Task; rather the evaluator has discretion to sample as needed to ensure the applicant’s mastery of that Task. The required minimum elements to be tested from each applicable Task include: • any elements in which the applicant was shown to be deficient on the knowledge test, as applicable; • at least one knowledge element; • at least one risk management element; and • all skill elements unless otherwise noted. The Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR) lists ACS codes that correlate to a specific Task element for a given Area of Operation for any incorrect responses on the knowledge test. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes An asterisk directs the evaluator to follow the selection requirements for the AOO and Tasks in the body of this ACS. Appendix 2: Safety of Flight Appendix 2: Safety of Flight General Safety of flight must be the prime consideration at all times. The evaluator, applicant, and crew must be continually alert for other traffic. If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopardize safety, the evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate that portion of the maneuver. The evaluator will assess the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures throughout the entire test. Use of Checklists Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should determine whether the applicant demonstrates CRM, appropriately divides attention, and uses proper visual scanning. In some situations, reading the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases, the evaluator should assess the applicant's performance of published or recommended immediate action “memory” items along with their review of the appropriate checklist once conditions permit. In a single-pilot aircraft, the applicant should demonstrate the crew resource management (CRM) principles described as single-pilot resource management (SRM). Proper use depends on the specific Task being evaluated. If the use of the checklist while accomplishing elements of an Objective would be either unsafe or impractical in a single-pilot operation, the applicant should review the checklist after accomplishing the elements. Positive Exchange of Flight Controls A clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft must exist. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls. The FAA recommends a positive three-step process for exchanging flight controls between pilots: • When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight controls.” • The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” • The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls,” and visually confirms the exchange. Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test. The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. Doubt as to who is flying the aircraft should not occur. Use of Distractions Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. The evaluator should incorporate realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the pilot’s situational awareness and ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and outside the flight deck. Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot Resource