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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Antitorque System Failure

    following the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding operating limits and procedures and periodic maintenance and inspections, many system and equipment failures can be eliminated. Certain malfunctions or failures can be traced to some error on the part of the pilot; therefore ... appropriate flying techniques and use of threat and error management may help to prevent an emergency Antitorque System Failure Antitorque failure usually falls into one of two categories. One is failure of the power drive portion of the tail rotor…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Recovery Technique (Uncontrolled Right Yaw) › Main Drive Shaft or Clutch Failure

    Main Drive Shaft or Clutch Failure The main drive shaft, located between the engine and the main rotor transmission, provides engine power to the main rotor transmission. In some helicopters, particularly those with piston engines, a drive belt is used ... instead of a drive shaft. A failure of the drive shaft clutch or belt has the same effect as an engine failure because power is no longer provided to the main rotor and an autorotation must be initiated. There…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › The Four Fundamentals › Guidelines

    Guidelines Good practices to follow during maneuvering flight include: 1. Move the cyclic only as fast as trim, torque, and rotor speed can be maintained. When entering a maneuver and the trim, rotor, or torque reacts quicker than anticipated, pilot ... limitations have been exceeded. If continued, an aircraft limitation will be exceeded. Perform the maneuver with less intensity until all aspects of the machine can be controlled. The pilot must be aware of the sensitivity of the flight controls…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation

    Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards Today, helicopters are quite reliable. However, emergencies do occur, whether a result of mechanical failure or pilot error, and should be anticipated. Regardless of the cause, the recovery needs to be quick and precise. By having ... emergency, many potential accidents can be avoided. Autorotation In a helicopter, an autorotative descent is a power-off maneuver in which the engine is disengaged from the main rotor disk and the rotor blades are driven solely by the upward…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Rearward Flight › Technique

    Common Errors 1. Exaggerated movement of the cyclic, resulting in overcontrolling and erratic movement over the surface. 2. Failure to use proper antitorque pedal control, resulting in excessive heading change. 3. Failure to maintain desired hovering height. 4. Failure ... maintain proper rpm. 5. Failure to make sure the area is clear prior to starting the maneuver. Hovering—Rearward Flight Rearward hovering flight may be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when the situation is such that…

  • 14 CFR Part 121, Appendix E to Part 121—Flight Training Requirements

    gusts if practicable under the existing meteorological, airport, and traffic conditions | I, T, U, C (e) Maneuvering to a landing with simulated powerplant failure, as follows: (1) For 3-engine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing with an approved procedure that ... outboard engine) | I, C | T, U (2) For other multiengine airplanes, maneuvering to a landing with a simulated failure of 50 percent of available powerplants with the simulated loss of power on one side of the airplane…