PH.VIII.J.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-10
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Low-Level Wind Shear

  flows down the leeward side of the mountain, the air follows the contour of the terrain and is increasingly turbulent. This tends to push an aircraft into the side of a mountain. The stronger the wind, the greater the downward ... pressure and turbulence become. Figure 12-16. Turbulence in mountainous regions. Due to the effect terrain has on the wind in valleys or canyons, downdrafts can be severe. Before conducting a flight in or near mountainous terrain, it is helpful…

• Risk Management Handbookp. 2-3
  Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 3—Consider Other Conditions

  this example, the pilot did not fill in the LIFR boxes for known “comfort level” in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) after deciding to avoid flight in those conditions. 12402 Experience and “Comfort Level” Assessment Figure 2-4. A sample pilot ... single table, the summary of a pilot’s known “comfort level” for VFR, MVFR, IFR, and LIFR weather conditions might appear as shown in Figure 2-5. Figure 2-5. Experience and comfort level assessment for combined…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-20
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wind Direction Indicators

  Wind Direction Indicators It is important for a pilot to know the direction of the wind. At facilities with an operating control tower, this information is provided by ATC. Information may also be provided by FSS personnel either located ... receive and broadcast on this frequency. When none of these services is available, it is possible to determine wind direction and runway in use by visual wind indicators. A pilot should check these wind indicators even when information is provided…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-7
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind Patterns

  Wind Patterns In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow of air from areas of high to low pressure is deflected to the right and produces a clockwise circulation around an area of high pressure. This is known as anticyclonic circulation ... Thus, bad weather is commonly associated with areas of low pressure. A good understanding of high- and low-pressure wind patterns can be of great help when planning a flight because a pilot can take advantage of beneficial tailwinds. [Figure…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-12
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind and Pressure Representation on Surface Weather Maps

  speed of the wind is depicted by barbs or pennants placed on the wind line. Each barb represents a speed of ten knots, while half a barb is equal to five knots, and a pennant is equal to 50 knots ... terrain altitudes and slope steepness. For example, isobars that are closely spaced indicate a steep pressure gradient and strong winds prevail. Shallow gradients, on the other hand, are represented by isobars that are spaced far apart and are indicative…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-15
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Low-G Conditions and Mast Bumping

  tail or other portions of the helicopter. Figure 11-8. Result of improper corrective action in a low-G condition. Turbulence, especially severe downdrafts, can also cause a low-G condition and, when combined with high airspeed, may lead ... mast bumping. Typically, helicopters handle turbulence better than a light airplane due to smaller surface area of the rotor blades. During flight in turbulence, momentary excursions in airspeed, altitude, and attitude are to be expected. Pilots should respond with smooth…