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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Steep Approach

    cyclic pressure to maintain altitude. 2. Initially applying aft cyclic stick too rapidly, causing the helicopter to balloon (climb). 3. Failing to effectively control the rate of deceleration to accomplish the desired results. 4. Allowing the helicopter to stop forward ... vortex ring state (20–100 percent of available power applied, airspeed of less than 10 knots, and a rate of descent greater than 300 feet per minute (fpm)). For additional information on vortex ring state (formerly referenced as settling-with…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    each 1,000 feet of altitude. Proper accounting of density altitude is necessary to accurately predict landing distance. The effect of proper landing speed is important when runway lengths and landing distances are critical. The landing speeds specified ... stall, be difficult to control, or develop high rates of descent. On the other hand, an excessive speed at landing may improve the controllability slightly (especially in crosswinds) but causes an undesirable increase in landing distance. A ten percent excess…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation

    done immediately in case of an engine failure), lift and drag are reduced, and the helicopter begins an immediate descent, thus producing an upward flow of air through the rotor disk. This upward flow of air through the rotor disk ... provides sufficient thrust to maintain rotor rpm throughout the descent. Since the tail rotor is driven by the main rotor transmission during autorotation, heading control is maintained with the antitorque pedals as in normal flight. Several factors affect the rate…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator

    Turn Coordinator The gimbal in the turn coordinator is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn. Since turn coordinators are more prevalent in training aircraft, this discussion concentrates on that instrument. When rolling ... turn, the miniature aircraft banks in the direction the aircraft is rolled. A rapid roll rate causes the miniature aircraft to bank more steeply than a slow roll rate. The turn coordinator can be used to establish and maintain…

  • Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › The Effect of Weight Versus Density Altitude › Autorotational Performance

    speed. However, the pilot does care because if he or she, for example, glides at 30 knots, the corresponding rate of descent will be over 2,200 fpm. Since there is little airspeed for a deceleration (or “flare”) to reduce ... rate of decent before touchdown, the collective pitch application (increasing blade pitch and giving a final temporary increase in lift before the blades slow down) may be insufficient to arrest the rate of descent. Students who fully comprehend this relationship…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    settings or helicopter rotor speeds can cause the VOR course deviation indicator (CDI) to fluctuate as much as ±6°. Slight changes to the RPM setting will normally smooth out this roughness. Rabbit, the. High-intensity flasher system installed at many ... giving the effect of a ball of light traveling towards the runway. Radar. Radio Detection And Ranging. Radar approach. The controller provides vectors while monitoring the progress of the flight with radar, guiding the pilot through the descent…