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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Slope Operations › Technique

    frame 4). Normal operating rpm should be maintained until the full weight of the helicopter is on the landing gear. This ensures adequate rpm for immediate takeoff in case the helicopter starts sliding down the slope. Use antitorque pedals ... control as necessary to check that the helicopter is firmly on the ground. Common Errors 1. Failing to consider wind effects during the approach and landing. 2. Failing to maintain proper rpm throughout the entire maneuver. 3. Failure to maintain…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    distance • Wind—a large effect due to the wind or wind component along the runway • Runway slope and condition—the effect of an incline and retarding effect of factors such as snow or ice Landing Performance In many cases ... landing distance of an aircraft defines the runway requirements for flight operations. The minimum landing distance is obtained by landing at some minimum safe speed, that allows sufficient margin above stall and provides satisfactory control and capability…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Slope Operations

    Slope Operations Prior to conducting any slope operations, be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of dynamic rollover and mast bumping, which are discussed in Chapter 11, Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards. The approach to a slope is similar to the approach ... other landing area. During slope operations, make allowances for wind, barriers, and forced landing sites in case of engine failure. Since the slope may constitute an obstruction to wind passage, anticipate turbulence and downdrafts. Slope Landing A pilot usually lands…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wind Direction Indicators

    Wind Direction Indicators It is important for a pilot to know the direction of the wind. At facilities with an operating control tower, this information is provided by ATC. Information may also be provided by FSS personnel either located ... receive and broadcast on this frequency. When none of these services is available, it is possible to determine wind direction and runway in use by visual wind indicators. A pilot should check these wind indicators even when information is provided…

  • Appendix B. SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONAL INFORMATION › B.2 Small Unmanned Aircraft Loading and Its Effects on Performance › B.2.1 Weight and Balance (W&B)

    takeoff are runway/launch area length, surface, slope, surface wind, and the presence of obstacles. These factors may require a reduction in weight prior to flight. Weight changes during flight also have a direct effect on aircraft performance. Fuel burn ... fuel is used, the aircraft becomes lighter and performance is improved, but this could have a negative effect on balance. In UAS operations, weight change during flight may occur when expendable items are used on board (e.g., a jettisonable load…

  • 19 Turbulence › 19.2.5 The Effects of Orographic Winds and Turbulence on Aviation Operations › 19.2.5.3 Low-Level Mountain Flying

    level) can expect to encounter moderate or greater turbulence, strong updrafts and…