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  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations

    These may be publicly or privatelyowned. • General Aviation Airports — the remaining airports are commonly described as General Aviation Airports. This airport type is the largest single group of airports in the U.S. system. The category also includes privately owned, public ... airports that enplane 2500 or more passengers annually and receive scheduled airline service. Types of Airports There are two types of airports—towered and nontowered. These types can be further subdivided to: • Civil Airports—airports that are open…

  • Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids › Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs › 2-3-1. General

    Lighting Systems Certain light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems fall outside the combined visible and near-infrared spectrum of night vision goggles (NVGs) and thus will not be visible to a flightcrew using NVGs. The FAA changed specifications ... based red obstruction lights to make them visible to pilots using certain NVG systems, however, other colors may not be visible. It is recommended that air carriers/operators—including part 91 operators—who use NVGs incorporate procedures into manuals and/or standard…

  • Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids › Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs › 2-3-5. Holding Position Markings

    runway is not clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft have crossed the applicable holding position marking. NOTE-Runway holding position markings identify the beginning of an RSA, and a pilot MUST STOP to get clearance before ... crossing (at airports with operating control towers). 2. Runway Holding Position Markings on Runways. These markings identify the locations on runways where aircraft MUST STOP. These markings are located on runways used by ATC for Land And Hold Short Operations…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Lighting › Airport Beacon

    information on areas that cannot be seen from the control tower, applicable radio frequencies, and noise abatement procedures. The airport operator determines the need, size, and location of these signs. • Runway distance remaining signs—black background with white numbers ... numbers indicate the distance of the remaining runway in thousands of feet. Airport Lighting The majority of airports have some type of lighting for night operations. The variety and type of lighting systems depends on the volume and complexity…

  • Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids › Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids › 2-1-6. Runway Status Light (RWSL) System

    will observe THLs illuminate in reaction to an aircraft or vehicle on the runway or entering or crossing it. Lights will extinguish when the runway is clear. A pilot may observe several cycles of illumination and extinguishing depending ... amount of crossing traffic. 3. When a pilot observes the red light of the THLs, the pilot should safely stop if it’s feasible or remain stopped. The pilot must contact ATC for resolution if any clearance is in conflict…

  • Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-13. Traffic Control Light Signals

    Traffic Control Light Signals a. The following procedures are used by ATCTs in the control of aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel not equipped with radio. These same procedures will be used to control aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel ... equipped with radio if radio contact cannot be established. ATC personnel use a directive traffic control signal which emits an intense narrow light beam of a selected color (either red, white, or green) when controlling traffic by light signals…