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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations

    turning or pivoting motion. 5. Turning the tail of the helicopter into the slope during takeoff. Confined Area Operations A confined area is an area where the flight of the helicopter is limited in some direction by terrain ... woods, a city street, a road, a building roof, etc., can each be regarded as a confined area. The helicopter pilot has added responsibilities when conducting operations from a confined area that airplanes pilots do not. He or she assumes…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Landing—Stuck Left Pedal

    power setting during the approach and ensures that the nose remains to the right. Upon reaching the intended touchdown area and at the appropriate landing gear height, increase the collective smoothly to align the nose with the landing direction ... cushion the landing. A small amount of forward cyclic is helpful to stop the nose from continuing to the right and directs the aircraft forward and down to the surface. In certain wind conditions, the nose of the helicopter…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Traffic Patterns

    with a turn to the right after 300 feet AGL or as needed to be in range of forced landing areas. When 500 feet AGL is attained, a right turn to parallel the takeoff path is made for the downwind ... Then, as the intended landing point is about 45 degrees behind the abeam position of the helicopter, a right turn is made, and a descent is begun from downwind altitude to approximately 300 feet AGL for a base…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Pinnacle and Ridgeline Operations › Approach and Landing

    downdrafts are encountered, it may become necessary to make an immediate turn away from the pinnacle to avoid being forced into the rising terrain. Groundspeed during a pinnacle approach is more difficult to judge because visual references are farther away ... terrain. Pilots must continually perceive the apparent rate of closure by observing the apparent change in size of the landing zone features. Avoid the misperception of an increasing rate of closure to the landing site. The apparent rate of closure…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Clearing Procedures

    Clearing Procedures The following procedures and considerations are in place to assist pilots in collision avoidance under various situations: • Before takeoff—prior to taxiing onto a runway or landing area in preparation for takeoff, pilots should scan the approach area ... possible landing traffic, executing appropriate maneuvers to provide a clear view of the approach areas. • Climbs and descents—during climbs and descents in flight conditions that permit visual detection of other traffic, pilots should execute gentle banks left and right…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Common Errors › S-Turns

    and/or division of attention. 3. Uncoordinated flight control application. 4. Improper correction for wind drift. 5. Failure to maintain selected altitude and airspeed. 6. Selection of a ground reference with no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance ... flying a course parallel to the intended area (e.g., traffic pattern or square field). S-Turns Another training maneuver to use is the S-turn, which helps correct for wind drift in turns. This maneuver requires turns to the left…