PI.II.A.K1

From the FAA library

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 4-6
  Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Barriers to Effective Communication › External Factors

  These factors may include physiological, environmental, and psychological elements. To communicate effectively, the instructor should consider the effects of these factors and mitigate them where possible. Physiological external factors include biological conditions such as hearing loss, injury, physical illness ... other congenital condition. These physiological factors may cause learner discomfort and inhibit communication. The instructor should adapt the presentation to allow the learner to feel better about the situation and be more receptive to new ideas. Adaptation could…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-7
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Health and Physiological Factors Affecting Pilot Performance › Vestibular Illusions

  Vestibular Illusions The Leans A condition called the leans, is the most common illusion during flight and is caused by a sudden return to level flight following a gradual and prolonged turn that went unnoticed by the pilot. The reason ... below the detection threshold of the semicircular canals. [Figure 17-4] Leveling the wings after such a turn may cause an illusion that the aircraft is banking in the opposite direction. In response to such an illusion, a pilot…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 4-6
  Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Barriers to Effective Communication › Overuse of Abstractions

  approach to landing is going badly, telling a learner to take appropriate measures might not result in the desired action. It would be better to tell the learner to conduct a go-around since this is an action that ... better defines and gains control of images produced in the minds of the learners. External Factors Some barriers to effective communication can be controlled by the instructor. Others are external factors outside of the instructor’s control that prevent…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 8-1-8
  Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots › Section 1. Fitness for Flight › 8-1-7. Aerobatic Flight

  lower part of the body as in the case of rapid pull-up maneuvers and with the same physiologic effects and symptoms. e. Physiologically, humans progressively adapt to imposed strains and stress, and with practice, any maneuver will have decreasing ... effect. Tolerance to G forces is dependent on human physiology and the individual pilot. These factors include the skeletal anatomy, the cardiovascular architecture, the nervous system, the quality of the blood, the general physical state, and experience and recency…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-4
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Health and Physiological Factors Affecting Pilot Performance › Treatment of Hypoxia

  Treatment for hypoxia includes flying at lower altitudes and/ or using supplemental oxygen. All pilots are susceptible to the effects of oxygen starvation, regardless of physical endurance or acclimatization. When flying at high altitudes, it is paramount that oxygen ... used to avoid the effects of hypoxia. The term “time of useful consciousness” describes the maximum time the pilot has to make rational, life-saving decisions and carry them out at a given altitude without supplemental oxygen. As altitude increases…

• 14 CFR Part 61 — Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground InstructorsOpen
  14 CFR § 61.19 Duration of pilot and instructor certificates and privileges.

  expiration date may not, after that date, exercise the privileges of that certificate. (2) Except for a certificate issued with an expiration date, a certificate issued under this part is valid unless it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked. (b) Paper ... student pilot certificate. A student pilot certificate issued under this part prior to April 1, 2016 expires: (1) For student pilots who have not reached their 40th birthday, 60 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown…