PI.III.B.R3
Risk managementEnvironment (e.g., weather, icing, airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
From the FAA library
- Chapter 4: Aerodynamic Factors › Types of Icing › Flight Instruments
Propeller Icing Ice buildup on propeller blades reduces thrust for the same aerodynamic reasons that wings tend to lose lift and increase drag when ice accumulates on them. The greatest quantity of ice normally collects on the spinner and inner ... radius of the propeller. Propeller areas on which ice may accumulate and be ingested into the engine normally are anti-iced rather than deiced to reduce the probability of ice being shed into the engine. Effects of Icing on Critical…
- Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 1. Meteorology › 7-1-19. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
hour on the unprotected part of the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing condition. 3. Moderate. The rate of ice accumulation requires frequent cycling of manual deicing systems to minimize ice accretions on the airframe. A representative ... hour on the unprotected part of the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing condition as soon as possible. 4. Severe. The rate of ice accumulation is such that ice protection systems fail to remove the accumulation…
- Pilot/Controller Glossary › I
purposes is less than ¼ inch (6 mm) per hour on the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing conditions before they become worse. b. Light- The rate of ice accumulation requires occasional cycling of manual deicing systems ... minimize ice accretions on the airframe. A representative accretion rate for reference purposes is ¼ inch to 1 inch (0.6 to 2.5 cm) per hour on the unprotected part of the outer wing. The pilot should consider exiting the icing condition…
- 14 CFR § 91.137 Temporary flight restrictions in the vicinity of disaster/hazard areas.
Temporary flight restrictions in the vicinity of disaster/hazard areas. (3) The aircraft is operating under the ATC approved IFR flight plan. (4) The operation is conducted directly to or from an airport within the area, or is necessitated ... impracticability of VFR flight above or around the area due to weather, or terrain; notification is given to the Flight Service Station (FSS) or ATC facility specified in the NOTAM to receive advisories concerning disaster relief aircraft operations…
- 14 CFR § 91.1037 Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airports.
Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airports. (a) No program manager or any other person may permit a turbine engine powered large transport category airplane on a program flight to take off that airplane ... weight that (allowing for normal consumption of fuel and oil in flight to the destination or alternate airport) the weight of the airplane on arrival would exceed the landing weight in the Airplane Flight Manual for the elevation…
- Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Instrument Weather Flying › Structural Icing
Structural Icing The very nature of flight in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) means operating in visible moisture such as clouds. At the right temperatures, this moisture can freeze on the aircraft, causing increased weight, degraded performance, and unpredictable aerodynamic characteristics ... Understanding avoidance and early recognition followed by prompt action are the keys to avoiding this potentially hazardous situation. Structural icing refers to the accumulation of ice on the exterior of the aircraft and is broken down into three classifications: rime…