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  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approaches › Instrument Approaches to Civil Airports

    Instrument Approaches to Civil Airports Unless otherwise authorized, when an instrument letdown to an airport is necessary, the pilot should use a standard IAP prescribed for that airport. IAPs are depicted on IAP charts and are found ... approach procedures depend upon the facilities available at the terminal area, the type of instrument approach executed, and the existing weather conditions. The ATC facilities, NAVAIDs, and associated frequencies appropriate to each standard instrument approach are given on the approach…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Approaches to Parallel Runways

    Approaches to Parallel Runways Procedures permit ILS instrument approach operations to dual or triple parallel runway configurations. A parallel approach is an ATC procedure that permits parallel ILS approach to airports with parallel runways separated by at least ... feet between centerlines. Wherever parallel approaches are in progress, pilots are informed that approaches to both runways are in use. Simultaneous approaches are permitted to runways: 1. With centerlines separated by 4,300 to 9,000 feet; 2. Equipped with…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Final Approach Segment

    Final Approach Segment The final approach segment for an approach with vertical guidance or a precision approach begins where the glideslope/glidepath intercepts the minimum glideslope/ glidepath intercept altitude shown on the approach chart. If ATC authorizes a lower intercept altitude ... final approach segment begins upon glideslope/glidepath interception at that altitude. For a non-precision approach, the final approach segment begins either at a designated FAF, which is depicted as a cross on the profile view, or at the point where…

  • Chapter 7: Helicopter Instrument Procedures › Standard Instrument Approach Procedures to an Airport

    constant airspeed is recommended on the final approach segment to comply with the stabilized approach concept since a decelerating approach may make early detection of wind shear on the approach path more difficult. [Figure 7-9] When visibility minimums must ... increased for inoperative components or visual aids, use the Inoperative Components and Visual Aids Table (provided in the front cover of the U.S. Terminal Procedures) to derive the Category A minima before applying any visibility reduction. The published visibility…

  • Appendix B › Lesson 3—Flight instruments and human factors › Flight Training

    Ground Training Instrument system preflight procedures Attitude instrument flying Fundamental instrument skills Instrument cross-check techniques Flight Training Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection Use of checklists Fundamental instrument skills Basic flight maneuvers Instrument approach (demonstrated) Postflight procedures Lesson 3—Flight ... instruments and human factors Ground Training Human factors Flight instruments and systems Aircraft systems Navigation instruments and systems Flight Training Aircraft and instrument preflight inspection Radio communications Checklist procedures Attitude instrument flying Fundamental instrument skills Basic flight maneuvers Spatial disorientation…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Briefing

    Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Briefing A thorough instrument approach briefing greatly increases the likelihood of a successful instrument approach. Most Part 121, 125, and 135 operators designate specific items to be included in an IAP briefing, as well ... order in which those items are briefed. Before an IAP briefing can begin, flight crews must decide which procedure is most likely to be flown from the information that is available to them. Most often, when the flight is being…