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  • Chapter 9: Navigation Systems › Instrument Approach Systems › Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)

    Instrument Approach Systems Most navigation systems approved for en route and terminal operations under IFR, such as VOR, NDB, and GPS, may also be approved to conduct IAPs. The most common systems in use in the United States ... simplified directional facility (SDF), localizer-type directional aid (LDA), and microwave landing system (MLS). These systems operate independently of other navigation systems. There are new systems being developed, such as WAAS and LAAS. Other systems have been developed for special…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal to the aircraft ... weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute to the drag…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1091 Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator).

    Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator). (a) For the purposes of this section and § 91.1095: (1) A flight instructor (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to instruct in an aircraft, in a flight simulator ... flight training device for a particular type, class, or category aircraft. (2) A flight instructor (simulator) is a person who is qualified to instruct in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or in both, for a particular type…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents

    Chapter Summary Flight instruments enable an aircraft to be operated with maximum performance and enhanced safety, especially when flying long distances. Manufacturers provide the necessary flight instruments, but to use them effectively, pilots need to understand how they operate ... pilot, it is important to become very familiar with the operational aspects of the pitot-static system and associated instruments, the vacuum system and associated instruments, the gyroscopic instruments, and the magnetic compass. Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents…

  • Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Analog Pictorial Displays › Flight Director System (FDS)

    Developed in the 1960s, it was commonly found on both commercial and business aircraft alike. STARS (with a modification) and successive flight directors were integrated with the autopilots and aircraft providing a fully integrated flight system. The flight director/autopilot system ... described below is typical of installations in many general aviation aircraft. The components of a typical flight director include the mode controller, ADI, HSI, and annunciator panel. These units are illustrated in Figure 5-40. The pilot may choose from…

  • 14 CFR § 91.176 Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.

    Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR. A person applying to the FAA for a letter of authorization must submit an application in a form and manner prescribed ... Administrator. (ix) A person conducting operations under subpart K of this part must conduct the operation in accordance with management specifications authorizing the use of EFVS. (x) A person conducting operations under part 121, 129, or 135 of this chapter…