PI.VI.A.R4

From the FAA library

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-7
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator gives an indirect indication of the bank attitude of the airplane. When the miniature aircraft is level, the airplane is in straight flight. When the miniature airplane is aligned with ... with an indication of turn on the turn coordinator. After the turn becomes stabilized and the aircraft is no longer rolling, the turn coordinator displays the rate of turn with the alignment marks equaling a turn of 3 degrees…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  increases at a terrific rate after a bank has reached 45° or 50°. The load factor for any aircraft in a coordinated level turn at 60° bank is 2 Gs. The load factor in an 80° bank ... than 80°, the load factor exceeds the limit of 6 Gs, the limit load factor of an acrobatic aircraft. For a coordinated, constant altitude turn, the approximate maximum bank for the average general aviation aircraft is 60°. This bank…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-56
  Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Unusual Attitude Recovery Protection

  heading indicator shows which direction the aircraft is turning. The slip/skid indicator clearly shows if the aircraft is coordinated. This information helps the pilot determine which type of unusual attitude the aircraft has taken. Now look at Figure ... instrument that is no longer present is the slip/skid indicator. There is not a standby turn coordinator installed in the aircraft for the pilot to reference. The magnetic compass indicates a heading is being maintained; however…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-19
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Standard Rate Turns

  roll-in, use the attitude indicator to establish the approximate angle of bank, and then check the turn coordinator’s miniature aircraft for a standard rate turn indication or the aircraft’s turn-and-bank indicator. Maintain the bank ... this rate of turn, using the turn coordinator’s miniature aircraft as the primary bank reference and the attitude indicator as the supporting bank instrument. [Figure 7-33] Note the exact angle of bank shown on the banking scale…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-12
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Pitch › Trim Technique

  then adjusting the trim so the aircraft maintains that attitude when the flight controls are released. Trim the aircraft for coordinated flight by centering the ball of the turn-and-slip indicator, by using rudder trim in the direction ... ball is displaced from the center. Differential power control on multiengine aircraft is an additional factor affecting coordinated flight. Use balanced power or thrust, when possible, to aid in maintaining coordinated flight. Changes in attitude, power, or configuration requires…

• Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook - Airframep. 10-56
  Chapter 10: Aircraft Systems › Common Gyroscopic Instruments › Turn Coordinators

  Turn Coordinators Many aircraft make use of a turn coordinator. The rotor of the gyro in a turn coordinator is canted upwards 30°. As such, it responds not only to movement about the vertical axis, but also to roll movements ... gyro. Typically, the face of the turn coordinator has a small airplane symbol. The wing tips of the airplane provide the indication of level flight and the rate at which the aircraft is turning. [Figure 10-104] Turn-and-Slip…