PI.VI.F.K2

From the FAA library

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-21
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Compass Turns

  Compass Turns In most small airplanes, the magnetic compass is the only direction-indicating instrument independent of other airplane instruments and power sources. Because of its operating characteristics, called compass errors, pilots are prone to use it only ... reference for setting the heading indicator, but knowledge of magnetic compass characteristics permits full use of the instrument to turn the airplane to correct and maintain headings. Remember the following points when making turns to magnetic compass headings or when…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-13
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turns › Timed Turns

  Timed Turns A timed turn is a turn in which the clock and turn-and-slip indicator are used to change heading a definite number of degrees in a given time. For example, using a standard rate turn, a helicopter ... turns 45° in 15 seconds. Using a half-standard rate turn, the helicopter turns 45° in 30 seconds. Timed turns can be used if the heading indicator becomes inoperative. Figure 8-14. Flight instrument indications in a standard-rate turn…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-25
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Compass Systems › Magnetic Compass Induced Errors

  There is minimal magnetic interference at the compass rose. The pilot or the AMT, if authorized, can taxi the aircraft to the compass rose and maneuver the aircraft to the headings prescribed by the AMT. As the aircraft is “swung ... aligned to each compass rose heading, the AMT adjusts the compensator assembly located on the top or bottom of the compass. The compensator assembly has two shafts whose ends have screwdriver slots accessible from the front of the compass. Each…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-21
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Timed Turns

  Timed Turns A timed turn is a turn in which the clock and the turn coordinator are used to change heading by a specific number of degrees in a given time. For example, in a standard rate turn (3 degrees ... second), an airplane turns 45° in 15 seconds; in a half standard rate turn, the airplane turns 45° in 30 seconds. Prior to performing timed turns, the turn coordinator should be calibrated to determine the accuracy of its indications. [Figure…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 5-12
  Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Dynamic Pressure Type Instruments › Magnetic Compass Errors

  true course of 180° there, the pilot would have to subtract the variation and fly a magnetic course of 166°. The variation error does not change with the heading of the aircraft; it is the same anywhere along the isogonic ... line. Deviation The magnets in a compass align with any magnetic field. Local magnetic fields in an aircraft caused by electrical current flowing in the structure, in nearby wiring or any magnetized part of the structure, conflict with the Earth…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-15
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turns › Compass Turns

  Compass Turns The use of gyroscopic heading indicators makes heading control very easy. However, if the heading indicator fails or the helicopter is not equipped with one, use the magnetic compass for heading reference. When making compass-only turns ... lead or lag created by acceleration and deceleration errors so that the helicopter rolls out on the desired heading. When turning to a heading of north, the lead for the roll-out must include the number of degrees of latitude…