PI.VI.G.K3

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• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 1-20
  Chapter 1: The National Airspace System › Terminal Arrival Area (TAA) › Procedure Turns

  Procedure Turns A procedure turn barbed arrow indicates the direction or side of the outbound course on which the procedure turn is made. [Figure 1-13] Headings are provided for course reversal using the 45° procedure turn. However, the point ... which the turn may be commenced, and the type and rate of turn is left to the discretion of the pilot. Some of the options are the 45° procedure turn, the racetrack pattern, the teardrop procedure turn…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-30
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Basic Instrument Flight Patterns › Standard 45° Procedure Turn

  Standard 45° Procedure Turn 1. Start timing at point A (usually identified on approach procedures by a fix). For example, fly outbound on a heading of 360° for a given time (2 minutes, in this example). [Figure ... After flying outbound for 2 minutes (point B), turn left 45° to a heading of 315° using a standard rate turn. After roll-out and stabilizing, fly this new heading of 315° for 40 seconds and the aircraft will…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-21
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Timed Turns

  Timed Turns A timed turn is a turn in which the clock and the turn coordinator are used to change heading by a specific number of degrees in a given time. For example, in a standard rate turn (3 degrees ... second), an airplane turns 45° in 15 seconds; in a half standard rate turn, the airplane turns 45° in 30 seconds. Prior to performing timed turns, the turn coordinator should be calibrated to determine the accuracy of its indications. [Figure…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-19
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Standard Rate Turns

  Turns Standard Rate Turns A standard rate turn is one in which the pilot will do a complete 360° circle in 2 minutes or 3 degrees per second. A standard rate turn, although always 3 degrees per second, requires higher ... angles of bank as airspeed increases. To enter a standard rate level turn, apply coordinated aileron and rudder pressures in the desired direction of turn. Pilots commonly roll into turns at a much too rapid rate. During initial training…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-13
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turns › Timed Turns

  Timed Turns A timed turn is a turn in which the clock and turn-and-slip indicator are used to change heading a definite number of degrees in a given time. For example, using a standard rate turn, a helicopter ... turns 45° in 15 seconds. Using a half-standard rate turn, the helicopter turns 45° in 30 seconds. Timed turns can be used if the heading indicator becomes inoperative. Figure 8-14. Flight instrument indications in a standard-rate turn…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-15
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › 30° Bank Turn › Climbing and Descending Turns

  Climbing and Descending Turns For climbing and descending turns, the techniques described previously for straight climbs, descents, and standard rate turns are combined. For practice, simultaneously turn and start the climb or descent. The primary and supporting instruments ... stabilized constant airspeed left climbing turn are illustrated in Figure 8-15. The level off from a climbing or descending turn is the same as the level off from a straight climb or descent. To return to straight-and-level…