PI.VI.G.S6

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-23
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

  important fact for pilots to remember when making constant altitude turns is that the vertical component of lift must be equal to the weight to maintain altitude. At a given airspeed, the rate at which an aircraft turns depends upon ... horizontal component of lift. It is found that the horizontal component of lift is proportional to the angle of bank—that is, it increases or decreases respectively as the angle of bank increases or decreases. As the angle of bank…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-19
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Standard Rate Turns

  degrees per second. A standard rate turn, although always 3 degrees per second, requires higher angles of bank as airspeed increases. To enter a standard rate level turn, apply coordinated aileron and rudder pressures in the desired direction of turn ... Pilots commonly roll into turns at a much too rapid rate. During initial training in turns, base control pressures on the rate of cross-check and interpretation. Maneuvering an airplane faster than the capability to keep up with the changes…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-20
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Turns to Predetermined Headings

  Figure 7-33. Standard rate turn, constant airspeed. Some airplanes are very stable during turns, requiring only slight trim adjustments that permit hands-off flight while the airplane remains in the established attitude. Other airplanes require constant, rapid cross-check ... control during turns to correct overbanking tendencies. Due to the interrelationship of pitch, bank, and airspeed deviations during turns, cross-check must be fast in order to prevent an accumulation of errors. Turns to Predetermined Headings As long…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-39
  Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Power Settings

  Power Settings Power control and airspeed changes are much easier when approximate power settings necessary to maintain various airspeeds in straight-and-level flight are known in advance. However, to change airspeed by any appreciable amount, the common procedure ... underpower or overpower on initial power changes to accelerate the rate of airspeed change. (For small speed changes, or in airplanes that decelerate or accelerate rapidly, overpowering or underpowering is not necessary.) Consider the example of an airplane that requires…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-8
  Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Turn-and-Slip Indicator (Needle and Ball)

  forces of gravity, drag, and inertia to determine airplane performance. Power control must be related to its effect on altitude and airspeed, since any change in power setting results in a change in the airspeed or the altitude ... airplane. At any given airspeed, the power setting determines whether the airplane is in level flight, in a climb, or in a descent. If the power is increased in straight-and-level flight and the airspeed held constant, the airplane…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 8-13
  Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turns › Turn to a Predetermined Heading

  increase in power is required to maintain airspeed, slight forward cyclic pressure may be required since the helicopter tends to pitch up as collective pitch is increased. Apply pedal trim, as required, to keep the ball centered. To recover ... straight-and-level flight, apply cyclic in the direction opposite the turn. The rate of roll-out should be the same as the rate used when rolling into the turn. As the turn recovery is initiated, the attitude indicator becomes…