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PI.VIII.A.R7

Risk management

Operating below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without proper visual references.

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From the FAA library

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA), Decision Altitude (DA), And Decision Height (DH)

    Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA), Decision Altitude (DA), And Decision Height (DH) MDA—the lowest altitude, expressed in feet MSL, to which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle-to land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach ... procedure (SIAP) where no electronic glideslope is provided. DA—a specified altitude in the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established. DH—with respect…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Maximum Acceptable Descent Rates

    Descent Rates and Glidepaths for Nonprecision Approaches Maximum Acceptable Descent Rates Operational experience and research have shown that a descent rate of greater than approximately 1,000 fpm is unacceptable during the final stages of an approach (below ... human perceptual limitation that is independent of the type of airplane or helicopter. Therefore, the operational practices and techniques must ensure that descent rates greater than 1,000 fpm are not permitted in either the instrument or visual portions…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) and Instrument Approaches [Figure 4-10A]

    Figure 4-11A. VNAV information. Operators that have a specific approval from the FAA to conduct special IAPs should evaluate those instrument procedures to determine their compatibility with EFVS operations. Special IAPs are frequently dependent on the ability ... operator to meet certain requirements that may include aircraft performance, equipage, airport facility equipment, crew training, or other requirements. These procedures also may have nonstandard features such as nonstandard final approach course alignment, nonstandard descent gradients, or other features that…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › En Route Procedures › Planning the Descent and Approach

    intentions are. When the approach to be executed has been determined, the pilot should plan for and request a descent to the appropriate altitude prior to the initial approach fix (IAF) or transition route depicted on the IAP. When flying ... transition route, a pilot should maintain the last assigned altitude until ATC gives the instructions “cleared for the approach.” Lower altitudes can be requested to bring the transition route altitude closer to the required altitude at the initial approach…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Descents and Descending Turns

    Descents and Descending Turns When an airplane enters a descent, its attitude changes from level flight to flight with a descent profile. [Figure 3-22] In a descent, weight no longer acts solely perpendicular to the flightpath. Since induced drag ... power reduction is required to balance the forces if airspeed is to be maintained. Figure 3-22. Descent indications. The pilot should know the engine power settings, natural horizon pitch attitudes, and flight instrument indications that produce the following types…