PI.VIII.E.K2

From the FAA library

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 10-21
  Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Missed Approaches

  Minimums Pilots may not operate an aircraft at any airport below the authorized MDA or continue an approach below the authorized DA/DH unless: 1. The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing ... normal descent rate using normal maneuvers; 2. The flight visibility is not less than that prescribed for the approach procedure being used; and 3. At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is visible and identifiable…

• Instrument Procedures Handbookp. 4-49
  Chapter 4: Approaches › Final Approach Segment

  Final Approach Segment The final approach segment for an approach with vertical guidance or a precision approach begins where the glideslope/glidepath intercepts the minimum glideslope/ glidepath intercept altitude shown on the approach chart. If ATC authorizes a lower intercept altitude ... final approach segment begins upon glideslope/glidepath interception at that altitude. For a non-precision approach, the final approach segment begins either at a designated FAF, which is depicted as a cross on the profile view, or at the point where…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 10-20
  Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Approaches to Parallel Runways

  Approaches to Parallel Runways Procedures permit ILS instrument approach operations to dual or triple parallel runway configurations. A parallel approach is an ATC procedure that permits parallel ILS approach to airports with parallel runways separated by at least ... feet between centerlines. Wherever parallel approaches are in progress, pilots are informed that approaches to both runways are in use. Simultaneous approaches are permitted to runways: 1. With centerlines separated by 4,300 to 9,000 feet; 2. Equipped with…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 10-13
  Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approaches › Approach to Airport With an Operating Tower, With No Approach Control

  instrument approach and advises “change to advisory frequency approved.” When the aircraft arrives on a “cruise” clearance, ATC does not issue further clearance for approach and landing. If an approach clearance is required, ATC authorizes the pilots to execute ... choice of standard instrument approach (if more than one is published for the airport) with the phrase “Cleared for the approach” and the communications frequency change required, if any. From this point on, there is no contact with…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 9-35
  Chapter 9: Navigation Systems › Instrument Approach Systems › Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)

  Instrument Approach Systems Most navigation systems approved for en route and terminal operations under IFR, such as VOR, NDB, and GPS, may also be approved to conduct IAPs. The most common systems in use in the United States ... simplified directional facility (SDF), localizer-type directional aid (LDA), and microwave landing system (MLS). These systems operate independently of other navigation systems. There are new systems being developed, such as WAAS and LAAS. Other systems have been developed for special…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 10-13
  Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approaches › Instrument Approaches to Civil Airports

  Instrument Approaches to Civil Airports Unless otherwise authorized, when an instrument letdown to an airport is necessary, the pilot should use a standard IAP prescribed for that airport. IAPs are depicted on IAP charts and are found ... approach procedures depend upon the facilities available at the terminal area, the type of instrument approach executed, and the existing weather conditions. The ATC facilities, NAVAIDs, and associated frequencies appropriate to each standard instrument approach are given on the approach…