PI.X.A.K2

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• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 3-34
  Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Errors › Learning from Error

  Error Recovery Given that the occasional error is inevitable, it is a worthwhile exercise to practice recovering from commonly made errors, or those that pose serious consequences. All flight learners need to learn and practice a lost procedure to ensure ... which they have lost their way. It is useful to devote the same sort of preparation to other common learner errors. Learning from Error Error can be a valuable learning resource. Learners naturally make errors, which instructors can utilize…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-8
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

  type. • Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance. Takeoff, landing, and stall speeds listed ... normally vary with altitude or temperature. Figure 8-7. Airspeed indicator (ASI). Calibrated airspeed (CAS)—IAS corrected for installation error and instrument error. Although manufacturers attempt to keep airspeed errors to a minimum, it is not possible to eliminate…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 3-33
  Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Reducing Error › Checking for Errors

  Reducing Error Although it is impossible to eliminate errors entirely, there are ways to reduce them, as described in the following paragraphs. Learning and Practicing The first line of defense against errors is learning and practice. Higher levels of knowledge ... skill are associated with a lower frequency and magnitude of error. Taking Time Errors can often be reduced by working deliberately at a comfortable pace. Hurrying does not achieve the same results as faster performance that is gained by increasing…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-26
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Compass Systems › Magnetic Compass Induced Errors

  Figure 8-36. Northerly and southerly turning errors. Southerly Turning Errors When turning in a southerly direction, the forces are such that the compass float assembly lags rather than leads. The result is a false southerly turn indication. The compass ... float assembly, should be allowed to pass the desired heading prior to stopping the turn. As with the northerly error, this error is amplified with the proximity to either magnetic pole. To correct this lagging error, the aircraft should…

• Risk Management Handbookp. 6-1
  Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

  Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management Introduction Threats What is an Error? Causes of Errors Insufficient Training & Experience Introduction Pilots use risk management as described in earlier chapters to analyze the likelihood and potential severity of an incident or accident ... encounter unforeseen hazards or threats. In addition, a pilot may respond inappropriately to a given condition, thus making an error. This chapter provides strategies pilots may use once flight begins. Threats Threats have the following characteristics: • Threats occur outside…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-27
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Magnetic Compass Induced Errors › The Vertical Card Magnetic Compass

  Acceleration-North/Deceleration-South) may help you to remember the acceleration error. [Figure 8-37] Acceleration causes an indication toward north; deceleration causes an indication toward south. Figure 8-37. The effects of acceleration error. Oscillation Error Oscillation is a combination ... errors previously mentioned and results in fluctuation of the compass card in relation to the actual heading direction of the aircraft. When setting the gyroscopic heading indicator to agree with the magnetic compass, use the average indication between the swings…