PL.I.C.K3l
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
From the FAA library
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.10 Products with Volcanic Ash Information
Products with Volcanic Ash Information Table 3-13. Weather Element: Volcanic Ash Type: text (T), graphic (G), image (I), voice (V) Reported in manual and select augmented METAR/SPECIs as “VA.” Included in ATIS as appropriate. Reported by pilot and noted ... Special AIREP. First part of VAR reported immediately to ATC, second part of VAR submitted postflight. Radar I Potentially visible on radar. Satellite I May be visible on satellite if not obscured by cloud cover. Weather Camera I Volcanic ash…
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.4 Products with Visibility Information
Flight Service Interactive Map G Interactive website that includes overlay of AIRMET for non-convective LLWS. 3.4.2.4 Products with Visibility Information Table 3-7. Weather Element: Visibility Type: text (T), graphic (G), image (I), voice (V) Visibility is reported ... body section of the METAR/SPECI. The visibility is reported in statute miles. PIREP/AIREP T, G, V Distance for visibility is reported by the pilot in statute miles. Weather Camera I A rough estimate could be inferred when known distance features…
- 18 Weather and Obstructions to Visibility › 18.1 Introduction › 18.1.9 Volcanic Ash
Volcanic Ash Volcanic ash is made up of fine particles of rock powder that originate from a volcano and that may remain suspended in the atmosphere for long periods. Severe volcanic eruptions that send ash into the upper atmosphere occur ... times per year. The explosive eruption from the volcano in Tonga, South Pacific Ocean in January 2022 sent an ash cloud into the mesosphere. Weather satellites estimated the ash cloud reached an altitude of 190,000 ft, which…
- Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards › 7-6-10. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash
less likely to lose power but severe damage is almost certain to ensue after an encounter with a volcanic ash cloud which is only a few hours old. b. Most important is to avoid any encounter with volcanic ash ... ash plume may not be visible, especially in instrument conditions or at night; and even if visible, it is difficult to distinguish visually between an ash cloud and an ordinary weather cloud. Volcanic ash clouds are not displayed on airborne…
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.5 Products with Precipitation Information
Aviation Surface Forecast G Derived from the GFA and includes forecasts of visibility at specified valid times. Alaska Area Forecast T Visibilities of 6 SM or less and obscurations to visibility are included. Hawaii Area Forecast T Visibilities ... less and obscurations to visibility are included. T Visibilities of 6 SM and obscurations to visibility are included. AFD T Describes the weather conditions as they relate to a specific TAF or group of TAFs, including visibilities. Tools GFA Tool…
- Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Instrument Weather Flying › Volcanic Ash
abrasive nature of the volcanic ash can pit the windscreens, thus reducing or eliminating forward visibility. The pitot-static system may become clogged, causing instrument failure. Severe engine damage is probable in both piston and jet-powered aircraft. Every effort ... must be made to avoid volcanic ash. Since volcanic ash clouds are carried by the wind, pilots should plan their flights to remain upwind of the ash-producing volcano. Visual detection and airborne radar are not considered a reliable means…