Private Pilot for Powered-Lift Category
›Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation8 tasks
Task A. Pilot Qualifications
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal and emergency radio communications, air traffic control (ATC) light signals, and runway lighting systems.
References: 14 CFR parts 61, 68, 91; AC 68-1; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.I.A.K1Certification requirements, recent flight experience, and recordkeeping.PL.I.A.K2Privileges and limitations.PL.I.A.K3Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications.PL.I.A.K4Documents required to exercise private pilot privileges.PL.I.A.K5Part 68 BasicMed privileges and limitations.
Task B. Airworthiness Requirements
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with airworthiness requirements, including aircraft certificates.
References: 14 CFR parts 21, 39, 43, 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.I.B.K1General airworthiness requirements and compliance for aircraft, including:PL.I.B.K1aLocation and expiration dates of required aircraft certificatesPL.I.B.K1bRequired inspections and aircraft logbook documentationPL.I.B.K1cAirworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information BulletinsPL.I.B.K1dPurpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permitPL.I.B.K1eOwner/Operator and pilot-in-command responsibilitiesPL.I.B.K2Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.PL.I.B.K3Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:PL.I.B.K3aFlying with inoperative equipmentPL.I.B.K3bUsing an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)PL.I.B.K3cKinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)PL.I.B.K3dRequired discrepancy records or placardsPL.I.B.K4Standard and special airworthiness certificates and their associated operational limitations.
Task C. Weather Information
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with weather information for a flight under VFR.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-92; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28
PL.I.C.K1Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.PL.I.C.K2Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:PL.I.C.K2aAirport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)PL.I.C.K2bSurface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)PL.I.C.K2cTerminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)PL.I.C.K2dGraphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)PL.I.C.K2eWind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)PL.I.C.K2fConvective Outlook (AC)PL.I.C.K2gInflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMETPL.I.C.K3Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:PL.I.C.K3aAtmospheric composition and stabilityPL.I.C.K3bWind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)PL.I.C.K3cTemperature and heat exchangePL.I.C.K3dMoisture/precipitationPL.I.C.K3eWeather system formation, including air masses and frontsPL.I.C.K3fCloudsPL.I.C.K3gTurbulencePL.I.C.K3hThunderstorms and microburstsPL.I.C.K3iIcing and freezing level informationPL.I.C.K3jFog/mistPL.I.C.K3kFrostPL.I.C.K3lObstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)PL.I.C.K4Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
PL.I.C.R1Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:PL.I.C.R1aCircumstances that would make diversion prudentPL.I.C.R1bPersonal weather minimumsPL.I.C.R1cHazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloftPL.I.C.R2Use and limitations of:PL.I.C.R2aInstalled onboard weather equipmentPL.I.C.R2bAviation weather reports and forecastsPL.I.C.R2cInflight weather resources
PL.I.C.S1Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.PL.I.C.S2Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.PL.I.C.S3Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
Note: If K2 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements. If K3 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Task D. Cross-Country Flight Planning
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with cross-country flights and VFR flight planning.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; NOTAMs; VFR Navigation Charts
PL.I.D.K1Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.PL.I.D.K1aUse of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if usedPL.I.D.K2Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, glide or autorotative distance of the aircraft, VFR cruising altitudes, and the effect of wind.PL.I.D.K3Calculating:PL.I.D.K3aTime, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeedPL.I.D.K3bEstimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)PL.I.D.K3cFuel requirements, including reservePL.I.D.K4Elements of a VFR flight plan.PL.I.D.K5Procedures for filing, activating, and closing a VFR flight plan.PL.I.D.K6Inflight intercept procedures.
PL.I.D.R1Pilot.PL.I.D.R2Aircraft.PL.I.D.R3Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles, including wire strike hazards).PL.I.D.R4External pressures.PL.I.D.R5Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.PL.I.D.R6Fuel planning.PL.I.D.R7Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PL.I.D.S1Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis based on real-time weather, to the first fuel stop.PL.I.D.S2Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.PL.I.D.S3Create a navigation log and prepare a VFR flight plan.PL.I.D.S4Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.PL.I.D.S5Use an electronic flight bag (EFB), if applicable.
Note: Preparation, presentation, and explanation of a computer-generated flight plan is an acceptable option.
Task E. National Airspace System
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with National Airspace System (NAS) operations under VFR as a private pilot.
References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; VFR Navigation Charts
PL.I.E.S1Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.PL.I.E.S2Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.PL.I.E.S3Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
Task F. Performance and Limitations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with operating an aircraft within the parameters of its performance capabilities and limitations.
References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.I.F.K1Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.PL.I.F.K2Factors affecting performance, including:PL.I.F.K2aAtmospheric conditionsPL.I.F.K2bPilot techniquePL.I.F.K2cAircraft configurationPL.I.F.K2dAirport, heliport, helipad, or unprepared surface environmentPL.I.F.K2eLoading [e.g., center of gravity (CG)]PL.I.F.K2fWeight and balancePL.I.F.K3Aerodynamics.PL.I.F.K4Height/Velocity (H/V) diagram according to the flight manual.
PL.I.F.S1Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight and aircraft configurations.PL.I.F.S2Use of the appropriate manufacturer’s approved performance charts, tables, and data.
Task G. Operation of Systems
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with safe operation of systems on the aircraft provided for the flight test.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.I.G.K1Aircraft systems, including:PL.I.G.K1aPrimary flight controlsPL.I.G.K1bSecondary flight controlsPL.I.G.K1cPowerplant(s) and means of producing thrustPL.I.G.K1dLanding gearPL.I.G.K1eFuel, oil, and hydraulicPL.I.G.K1fElectricalPL.I.G.K1gAvionicsPL.I.G.K1hPitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instrumentsPL.I.G.K1iEnvironmentalPL.I.G.K1jDeicing and anti-icingPL.I.G.K1kOxygen systemPL.I.G.K1lGearboxes, drive shafts, transmission systems, as applicablePL.I.G.K1mBattery(s) used for propulsion–charging, discharging, and condition, as applicablePL.I.G.K2Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
Note: If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Task H. Human Factors
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.I.H.K1Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:PL.I.H.K1aHypoxiaPL.I.H.K1bHyperventilationPL.I.H.K1cMiddle ear and sinus problemsPL.I.H.K1dSpatial disorientationPL.I.H.K1eMotion sicknessPL.I.H.K1fCarbon monoxide poisoningPL.I.H.K1gStressPL.I.H.K1hFatiguePL.I.H.K1iDehydration and nutritionPL.I.H.K1jHypothermiaPL.I.H.K1kOptical illusionsPL.I.H.K1lDissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba divesPL.I.H.K2Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.PL.I.H.K3Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.PL.I.H.K4Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
›Area of Operation II. Preflight Procedures5 tasks
Task A. Preflight Assessment
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with preparation for safe flight.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-28; Flight Manual
PL.II.A.K1Pilot self-assessment.PL.II.A.K2Determining that the aircraft to be used is airworthy.PL.II.A.K3Aircraft preflight inspection, including:PL.II.A.K3aWhich items should be inspectedPL.II.A.K3bThe reasons for checking each itemPL.II.A.K3cHow to detect possible defectsPL.II.A.K3dThe associated regulationsPL.II.A.K4Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
Task B. Flight Deck Management
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flight deck management practices.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 120-71; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.II.B.S1Secure all items in the aircraft.PL.II.B.S2Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, sterile aircraft, passenger conduct and avoidance of rotor or air induction systems, powerplants, and other heat sources, and emergency procedures.PL.II.B.S3Properly program and manage the aircraft’s automation, as applicable.PL.II.B.S4Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Task C. Powerplant Starting
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with recommended powerplant starting procedures.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.II.C.S1Position the aircraft properly considering structures, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.PL.II.C.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.II.C.S3Position the primary flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.II.C.S4Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task D. Ground Taxiing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.II.D.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PL.II.D.K2Taxi instructions/clearances.PL.II.D.K3Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PL.II.D.K4Visual indicators for wind.PL.II.D.K5Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PL.II.D.K6Procedures for:PL.II.D.K6aAppropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot SpotsPL.II.D.K6bAircraft configurationPL.II.D.K6cRadio communications at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areasPL.II.D.K6dEntering or crossing runwaysPL.II.D.K6eNight taxi operationsPL.II.D.K6fTaxi limitations
PL.II.D.R1Activities and distractions.PL.II.D.R2Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.PL.II.D.R3A taxi route or departure runway change.PL.II.D.R4Speed during taxi and turns.PL.II.D.R5Appropriate thrust vector and brake use.PL.II.D.R6Airframe and rotor clearances during taxi.PL.II.D.R7Runway incursion.PL.II.D.R8Other hazards specific to the powered-lift make and model.
PL.II.D.S1Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.PL.II.D.S2Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.PL.II.D.S3Position the flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing wind conditions.PL.II.D.S4Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.II.D.S5Maintain positive control of the aircraft during ground operations by controlling direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.PL.II.D.S6Comply with airport/heliport/helipad/landing area taxiway markings, signals, and air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions.PL.II.D.S7Position the aircraft relative to hold lines or a specified point.PL.II.D.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task E. Before Takeoff Check
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with before takeoff check.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.II.E.R1Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.PL.II.E.R2Unexpected runway changes.PL.II.E.R3Unexpected or unclear clearances from ATC.PL.II.E.R4Wake turbulence.PL.II.E.R5Downwash.PL.II.E.R6Potential powerplant failure during takeoff or other malfunction considering operational factors such as aircraft characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, and obstructions.
PL.II.E.S1Review takeoff performance.PL.II.E.S2Select the appropriate takeoff profile for aircraft and environmental conditions.PL.II.E.S3Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.II.E.S4Properly position the aircraft considering other aircraft, vessels, and wind.PL.II.E.S5Verify that powerplant parameters and aircraft configuration are suitable for the takeoff profile.PL.II.E.S6Divide attention inside and outside the aircraft.PL.II.E.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
›Area of Operation III. Airport and Heliport Operations3 tasks
Task A. Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal and emergency radio communications, air traffic control (ATC) light signals, and runway lighting systems.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.III.A.K1How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.PL.III.A.K2Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.PL.III.A.K3ATC light signal recognition.PL.III.A.K4Appropriate use of transponder(s).PL.III.A.K5Lost communication procedures.PL.III.A.K6Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.PL.III.A.K7Radar assistance.PL.III.A.K8National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident/incident reporting.PL.III.A.K9Runway Status Lighting Systems.
PL.III.A.S1Select and activate appropriate frequencies.PL.III.A.S2Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.PL.III.A.S3Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
Task B. Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with runway/taxiway/heliport/helipad signs, markings and lighting.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.III.B.R1Interpretation of signs, markings, or lighting.PL.III.B.R2Landing site dimensions and limitations.PL.III.B.R3Conflict with aircraft, vehicles, and persons.PL.III.B.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.III.B.R5Powered-lift configuration, including the effect of thrust on other aircraft.
Task C. Traffic Patterns
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with traffic patterns.
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.III.C.K1Towered and nontowered airport/heliport/helipad/landing area operations and restrictions.PL.III.C.K2Runway selection and traffic pattern parameters for the current conditions.PL.III.C.K3Right-of-way rules.PL.III.C.K4Use of automated weather and airport/heliport information.PL.III.C.K5Aircraft configuration and selection for the traffic pattern in use.
PL.III.C.S1Identify and interpret airport/heliport/helipad/landing area runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.PL.III.C.S2Comply with recommended traffic pattern procedures.PL.III.C.S3Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.PL.III.C.S4Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use.PL.III.C.S5Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.PL.III.C.S6Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other aircraft in the traffic pattern.PL.III.C.S7Position the primary flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.III.C.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
›Area of Operation IV. Hovering Maneuvers3 tasks
Task A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with vertical takeoff and landing from a hover.
References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IV.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.IV.A.S2Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.PL.IV.A.S3Position the primary flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.IV.A.S4Ascend to and maintain recommended hovering altitude, and descend from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, without drift.PL.IV.A.S5Establish recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface; if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.PL.IV.A.S6Maintain position within ±4 feet of a designated point.PL.IV.A.S7Descend vertically to within 2 feet of the designated touchdown point.PL.IV.A.S8Maintain headings ±10°, as specified by the evaluator.PL.IV.A.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task B. Hover Taxi
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IV.B.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PL.IV.B.K2Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.PL.IV.B.K3Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PL.IV.B.K4Visual indicators for wind.PL.IV.B.K5Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PL.IV.B.K6Procedures for:PL.IV.B.K6aPilot activities during taxiingPL.IV.B.K6bSafe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areasPL.IV.B.K6cEntering or crossing runwaysPL.IV.B.K7Aircraft configuration.PL.IV.B.K8Aircraft operating limitations.
PL.IV.B.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.IV.B.R2Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.PL.IV.B.R3Powerplant(s) failure during hover taxi.PL.IV.B.R4Other aircraft and hazards.PL.IV.B.R5Hazardous effects of downwash.PL.IV.B.R6Aircraft configuration.PL.IV.B.R7Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.PL.IV.B.R8Crosswind limitations.PL.IV.B.R9Other hazards specific to the powered-lift make and model.PL.IV.B.R10Runway incursion.
PL.IV.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.IV.B.S2Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.PL.IV.B.S3Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.PL.IV.B.S4Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.PL.IV.B.S5Position the primary flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.IV.B.S6Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.PL.IV.B.S7Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.PL.IV.B.S8Make 90°, 180°, and 360° pivoting turns, stopping within 10° of specified headings.PL.IV.B.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task C. Air Taxi
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with air taxi operations.
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IV.C.K1Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).PL.IV.C.K2Air taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.PL.IV.C.K3Aircraft configuration.PL.IV.C.K4Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.PL.IV.C.K5Visual indicators for wind.PL.IV.C.K6Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.PL.IV.C.K7Procedures for:PL.IV.C.K7aPilot activities during taxiingPL.IV.C.K7bSafe air taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areasPL.IV.C.K7cOverflying of runwaysPL.IV.C.K8Aircraft operating limitations.PL.IV.C.K9Appropriate height and speed for air taxi.PL.IV.C.K10Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PL.IV.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.IV.C.S2Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.PL.IV.C.S3Select a safe airspeed and altitude.PL.IV.C.S4Maintain an appropriate aircraft configuration throughout the maneuver.PL.IV.C.S5Maintain specified altitude, ±10 feet.PL.IV.C.S6Air taxi from one point to another under various wind conditions.PL.IV.C.S7Maintain the aircraft within operating limits throughout the maneuver.PL.IV.C.S8Comply with airport/heliport/helipad/landing area markings, lights, signs, and ATC instructions.PL.IV.C.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: Select all applicable tasks in accordance with the aircraft's operating characteristics as specified in the flight manual.
›Area of Operation V. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds11 tasks
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb from a Hover
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal takeoff and climb from a hover.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.A.R1Selection of helipad/deck, runway, or departure point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PL.V.A.R2Effects of:PL.V.A.R2aCrosswindPL.V.A.R2bWindshearPL.V.A.R2cTailwindPL.V.A.R2dWake turbulencePL.V.A.R2eRunway/departure point surface/conditionPL.V.A.R2fAircraft weightPL.V.A.R3Abnormal operations including:PL.V.A.R3aRejected takeoffPL.V.A.R3bPowerplant failure in hover/takeoff/climb phase of flightPL.V.A.R4Collision hazards.PL.V.A.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.V.A.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.V.A.R7Runway incursion.
PL.V.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.A.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.A.S3Verify assigned/correct runway, if at an airport.PL.V.A.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PL.V.A.S5Position the flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing wind conditions.PL.V.A.S6Clear the area, ground or hover taxi into takeoff position, and hover the aircraft above the departure point, aligned with the departure path.PL.V.A.S7Confirm takeoff power and instrument indications prior to forward movement.PL.V.A.S8Takeoff and accelerate to the manufacturer’s recommended speed.PL.V.A.S9After takeoff, establish and maintain a positive rate of climb and configure aircraft, as appropriate.PL.V.A.S10Maintain the aircraft within operating limits throughout the maneuver.PL.V.A.S11Maintain VY ±10 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.PL.V.A.S12Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.PL.V.A.S13Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.PL.V.A.S14Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Task B. Rolling Takeoff and Climb
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rolling takeoff with wheel-type landing gear.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.B.K1Elements related to a rolling takeoff and the purpose of the maneuver.PL.V.B.K2Aircraft configurations.PL.V.B.K3Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PL.V.B.K4Translational lift.PL.V.B.K5Takeoff and climb performance and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.PL.V.B.K6Aircraft performance and limitations.
PL.V.B.R1Collision hazards.PL.V.B.R2Powerplant failure during rolling takeoff and climb out.PL.V.B.R3Aircraft configuration.PL.V.B.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.V.B.R5Effects of:PL.V.B.R5aCrosswindPL.V.B.R5bWindshearPL.V.B.R5cTailwindPL.V.B.R5dWake turbulencePL.V.B.R5eRunway/departure point surface/conditionPL.V.B.R5fAircraft weightPL.V.B.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
PL.V.B.S1Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.B.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.B.S3Configure the aircraft correctly regarding environmental conditions and aircraft loading.PL.V.B.S4Maintain the aircraft within operating limits throughout the maneuver.PL.V.B.S5Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.PL.V.B.S6Maintain a positive rate of climb.PL.V.B.S7Transition to recommended climb airspeed ±10 knots.PL.V.B.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.B.S9Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Task C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with maximum performance takeoff and climb.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.C.K1Situations where this maneuver is appropriate.PL.V.C.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and temperature, on takeoff and climb performance.PL.V.C.K3Appropriate aircraft configuration, takeoff, and climb profiles.PL.V.C.K4Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PL.V.C.R1Selection of takeoff path based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PL.V.C.R2Effects of:PL.V.C.R2aCrosswindPL.V.C.R2bWindshearPL.V.C.R2cTailwindPL.V.C.R2dLow level turbulencePL.V.C.R2eSurface conditionsPL.V.C.R3Abnormal operations including:PL.V.C.R3aRejected takeoffPL.V.C.R3bPowerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightPL.V.C.R4Collision hazards.PL.V.C.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.V.C.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.C.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.C.S3Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PL.V.C.S4Position the flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing wind conditions.PL.V.C.S5Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, utilizing maximum available takeoff area and align the aircraft on the takeoff path.PL.V.C.S6Confirm takeoff power and proper powerplant and flight instrument indications prior to takeoff.PL.V.C.S7Establish and maintain the most efficient lift-off attitude/configuration for obstacle clearance.PL.V.C.S8Maintain the recommended airspeed and aircraft configuration until the obstacle is cleared.PL.V.C.S9After clearing the obstacle, establish pitch attitude and aircraft configuration for VY and accelerate to and maintain VY ±10 knots during the climb.PL.V.C.S10Reconfigure the aircraft after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's guidance.PL.V.C.S11Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.PL.V.C.S12Comply with noise abatement procedures.PL.V.C.S13Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.C.S14Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task D. Normal Approach to a Hover
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with approach profile to a hover.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.D.K1Types of approaches and applicability.PL.V.D.K2Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.PL.V.D.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on approach and hover performance.PL.V.D.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and hover.PL.V.D.K5Aircraft configurations for the approach and hover.PL.V.D.K6Aircraft performance and limitations.
PL.V.D.R1Selection of runway/helipad/touchdown point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PL.V.D.R2Effects of:PL.V.D.R2aCrosswindPL.V.D.R2bWindshearPL.V.D.R2cTailwindPL.V.D.R2dWake turbulencePL.V.D.R2eVortex ring state (VRS)PL.V.D.R2fRunway/arrival point surface/conditionPL.V.D.R3Situations including:PL.V.D.R3aRejected landing and go-aroundPL.V.D.R3bPowerplant failure during the approachPL.V.D.R4Collision hazards.PL.V.D.R5Flat light conditions.PL.V.D.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.D.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.D.S2Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.D.S3Use the appropriate techniques and aircraft configurations through all stages of the approach.PL.V.D.S4Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions and select a suitable hover point.PL.V.D.S5Maintain appropriate ground track with crosswind correction throughout the approach.PL.V.D.S6Fly a stabilized approach.PL.V.D.S7Arrive over the arrival point at a stabilized hover ±4 feet.PL.V.D.S8Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.PL.V.D.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.D.S10Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task E. Normal Approach and Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal approach and landing.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.E.R1Selection of runway/helipad/touchdown point based on aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.PL.V.E.R2Effects of:PL.V.E.R2aCrosswindPL.V.E.R2bWindshearPL.V.E.R2cTailwindPL.V.E.R2dWake turbulencePL.V.E.R2eRunway/heliport/helipad surface, condition, and lengthPL.V.E.R3Situations including:PL.V.E.R3aRejected landing and go-aroundPL.V.E.R3bPowerplant failure during the approachPL.V.E.R4Collision hazards.PL.V.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.E.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.E.S2Comply with noise abatement procedures.PL.V.E.S3Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.E.S4Verify assigned/correct runway/landing point if at an airport.PL.V.E.S5Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PL.V.E.S6Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.PL.V.E.S7Maintain a stabilized approach profile.PL.V.E.S8Use manufacturer's recommended technique and remain within airspeed range allowed for each configuration change.PL.V.E.S9Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.E.S10Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing.
Task F. Steep Approach and Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a steep approach to the surface.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.F.K1A stabilized steep approach.PL.V.F.K2Approach techniques and applicability.PL.V.F.K3Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.PL.V.F.K4Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.PL.V.F.K5Wind correction techniques.PL.V.F.K6Aircraft configuration.PL.V.F.K7Aircraft performance and limitations.
PL.V.F.R1Selection of the approach path and landing area.PL.V.F.R2Effects of:PL.V.F.R2aCrosswindPL.V.F.R2bWindshearPL.V.F.R2cTailwindPL.V.F.R2dWake turbulencePL.V.F.R2eVortex ring state (VRS)PL.V.F.R2fLanding point conditionPL.V.F.R3Planning for:PL.V.F.R3aRejected landing and go-aroundPL.V.F.R3bPowerplant failure during the approachPL.V.F.R4Landing in an area or in conditions where a takeoff/climb may not be possible.PL.V.F.R5Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.PL.V.F.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.F.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.F.S2Position the flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.V.F.S3Maintain awareness of aircraft performance, limitations, and relative position throughout the maneuver.PL.V.F.S4Arrive over the touchdown point on the surface ±5 feet from intended landing point or, at the discretion of the evaluator, at a stabilized hover ±5 feet height.PL.V.F.S5Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.PL.V.F.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.F.S8Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task G. Running/Roll-On Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with running/roll-on landing operation.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.G.R1Situations including:PL.V.G.R1aPowerplant failure during approachPL.V.G.R1bRejected landingPL.V.G.R2Effects of:PL.V.G.R2aCrosswindPL.V.G.R2bWindshearPL.V.G.R2cTailwindPL.V.G.R2dWake turbulencePL.V.G.R2eRunway surface/conditionPL.V.G.R3Collision hazards.PL.V.G.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.V.G.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.G.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.G.S2Ensure the aircraft is correctly configured for the landing.PL.V.G.S3Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.G.S4Maintain a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern flown takes into consideration obstructions and air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions.PL.V.G.S5Ensure the aircraft is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.PL.V.G.S6Consider the wind conditions, aircraft performance, landing surface, obstructions, and select a suitable touchdown point.PL.V.G.S7Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.PL.V.G.S8Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.PL.V.G.S9Touch down at the appropriate speed, aircraft configuration and pitch attitude.PL.V.G.S10On touchdown, maintain proper ground track.PL.V.G.S11After touchdown, reconfigure the aircraft for surface/hover taxi.PL.V.G.S12Execute a timely go-around for any condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.PL.V.G.S13Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.G.S14Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Task H. Confined Area Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with confined area operations.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.H.K1Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PL.V.H.K2Situations when a confined area approach and landing is recommended and factors related to landing performance including H/V diagram information.PL.V.H.K3High and low reconnaissance, including takeoff and departure planning.PL.V.H.K4Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PL.V.H.R1Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, wind, and availability of alternate sites.PL.V.H.R2Effects of:PL.V.H.R2aWind DirectionPL.V.H.R2bWindshearPL.V.H.R2cTurbulencePL.V.H.R3H/V diagram information.PL.V.H.R4Go-around.PL.V.H.R5Forced landing during the maneuver.PL.V.H.R6Landing surface.PL.V.H.R7Dynamic rollover.PL.V.H.R8Ground resonance.PL.V.H.R9Collision hazards.PL.V.H.R10Vortex ring state (VRS).PL.V.H.R11Aircraft limitations.PL.V.H.R12Low altitude maneuvering.PL.V.H.R13Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.V.H.R14Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PL.V.H.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.H.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.H.S3Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected departure or arrival profile(s).PL.V.H.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PL.V.H.S5Accomplish a proper high and low reconnaissance of the confined landing area.PL.V.H.S6Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.PL.V.H.S7Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.PL.V.H.S8Continually evaluate the suitability of the confined landing area and termination point.PL.V.H.S9Maintain powerplant and thrust output within normal limits.PL.V.H.S10Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.PL.V.H.S11Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.PL.V.H.S12Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.PL.V.H.S13Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.PL.V.H.S14Conduct a takeoff and departure using the appropriate technique and aircraft configuration.PL.V.H.S15Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Task I. Slope Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with slope operations.
References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.I.K1Elements related to slope operations.PL.V.I.K2Factors used for selecting an appropriate slope.PL.V.I.K3Effect of wind on slope operations.PL.V.I.K4Dynamic rollover considerations during slope operations and preventive/recovery techniques.PL.V.I.K5Aircraft configuration and slope limitations.
PL.V.I.S1Select a suitable slope.PL.V.I.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.I.S3Position the primary flight controls, including the thrust vector, for the prevailing environmental conditions.PL.V.I.S4Maintain heading and ground position and prevent movement of aircraft on slope.PL.V.I.S5Recognize if slope is too steep and abandon the operation prior to reaching flight control limits.PL.V.I.S6Make a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope landing gear on the sloping surface.PL.V.I.S7Neutralize controls after landing.PL.V.I.S8Make a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover parallel to the slope.PL.V.I.S9Properly move away from the slope.PL.V.I.S10Maintain positive control of aircraft throughout the maneuver.PL.V.I.S11Use controls while lowering the downslope landing gear to touchdown.PL.V.I.S12Maintain specified headings throughout the operation, ±10°.PL.V.I.S13Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task J. Pinnacle Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pinnacle operations.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.J.K1Elements of pinnacle/platform operations.PL.V.J.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PL.V.J.K3Suitable takeoff point and departure flight path during climb.PL.V.J.K4Situations when a pinnacle/platform approach, landing and takeoff is recommended and factors related to aircraft performance.PL.V.J.K5Elements of a high and low reconnaissance.PL.V.J.K6Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PL.V.J.R1Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.PL.V.J.R2Effects of:PL.V.J.R2aWind DirectionPL.V.J.R2bWindshearPL.V.J.R2cTurbulencePL.V.J.R3H/V diagram information.PL.V.J.R4Go-around.PL.V.J.R5Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight.PL.V.J.R6Collision hazards.PL.V.J.R7Vortex ring state (VRS).PL.V.J.R8Landing surface.PL.V.J.R9Dynamic rollover.PL.V.J.R10Ground resonance.PL.V.J.R11Aircraft limitations.PL.V.J.R12Low altitude maneuvering.PL.V.J.R13Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.V.J.R14Passenger exposure to thrust or exhaust.PL.V.J.R15Forced landing.PL.V.J.R16Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PL.V.J.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.J.S2Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected departure or arrival profile(s).PL.V.J.S3Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.V.J.S4Accomplish high and low reconnaissance.PL.V.J.S5Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.PL.V.J.S6Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.PL.V.J.S7Select an approach path considering wind direction.PL.V.J.S8Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.PL.V.J.S9Maintain powerplant and thrust output within normal limits.PL.V.J.S10Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.PL.V.J.S11Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.PL.V.J.S12Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.PL.V.J.S13Select a suitable takeoff point and consider factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
Task K. Go-Around/Rejected Landing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with go-around/rejected landing with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go-around.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.V.K.K1Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around/rejected landing.PL.V.K.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions on a go-around or rejected landing.PL.V.K.K3Aircraft configuration changes and techniques for the go-around.PL.V.K.K4Go-around/rejected landing procedures, the importance of a timely decision, and appropriate airspeeds for the maneuver.PL.V.K.K5Wind correction techniques.
PL.V.K.R1Recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.PL.V.K.R2Aircraft performance.PL.V.K.R3Application of power.PL.V.K.R4Aircraft configuration.PL.V.K.R5Collision hazards.PL.V.K.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.V.K.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.V.K.S1Make a timely decision to go-around/reject the landing.PL.V.K.S2Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish an aircraft configuration necessary to obtain the desired performance.PL.V.K.S3Establish a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed ±10 knots.PL.V.K.S4Configure the aircraft, as appropriate.PL.V.K.S5Maintain the ground track, heading, or course appropriate for the conditions, or as specified by air traffic control (ATC) or the evaluator.PL.V.K.S6Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.PL.V.K.S7Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.V.K.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.V.K.S9Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
›Area of Operation VI. Performance Maneuvers3 tasks
Task A. Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with rapid deceleration/quick stop and conditions that may require a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.VI.A.R1Gaining or losing altitude.PL.VI.A.R2Excessive pitch attitudes.PL.VI.A.R3Effects of wind.PL.VI.A.R4Airframe and airspeed limitations.PL.VI.A.R5Collision hazards.PL.VI.A.R6Dividing attention between aircraft control and orientation.PL.VI.A.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VI.A.R8Uncoordinated flight.PL.VI.A.R9Vortex ring state (VRS).
PL.VI.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.VI.A.S2Clear the area.PL.VI.A.S3Maintain heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.PL.VI.A.S4Perform a maximum performance deceleration as directed by the evaluator.PL.VI.A.S5Select an appropriate power setting and thrust vector to allow deceleration at maximum rate.PL.VI.A.S6Maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
Task B. Inflight Conversion During Straight-and-Level Flight
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with converting from thrust-borne configuration to wing-borne configuration, and returning to thrust-borne configuration.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.VI.B.K1Procedures for changing aircraft configuration.PL.VI.B.K2Aerodynamic effects of changing aircraft configuration.PL.VI.B.K3Flight control operation when converting from thrust-borne to wing-borne configuration, and when converting from wing-borne to thrust-borne configuration, while in straight-and-level flight.PL.VI.B.K4Aircraft performance and limitation charts.PL.VI.B.K5Factors related to weight and balance and center of gravity (CG) envelopes.
PL.VI.B.R1Aircraft performance limitations.PL.VI.B.R2Powerplant failure during conversion.PL.VI.B.R3Aerodynamic stall.PL.VI.B.R4Effects of gross weight and CG.PL.VI.B.R5Rapid configuration or thrust vector changes.PL.VI.B.R6Altitude variation/vertical speed.PL.VI.B.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VI.B.R8Other hazards specific to the powered-lift make and model.
PL.VI.B.S1Convert from thrust-borne configuration to wing-borne configuration during straight-and-level flight.PL.VI.B.S2Convert the aircraft from wing-borne configuration to thrust-borne configuration during straight-andlevel flight.PL.VI.B.S3Utilize proper control technique throughout the maneuver.PL.VI.B.S4Maintain awareness of aircraft performance, limitations, and relative position throughout the maneuver.PL.VI.B.S5Maintain altitude ±200 feet and specified heading ±10° throughout the operation. Achieve and maintain targeted airspeed ±10 knots.PL.VI.B.S6Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.PL.VI.B.S7Use the appropriate checklist, if applicable.
Task C. Steep Turns
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.VI.C.R1Dividing attention between aircraft control and orientation.PL.VI.C.R2Collision hazards.PL.VI.C.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.VI.C.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VI.C.R5Uncoordinated flight.
PL.VI.C.S1Clear the area.PL.VI.C.S2Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).PL.VI.C.S3Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn as selected by the evaluator and according to the aircraft's operating limitations.PL.VI.C.S4Perform the maneuver in the opposite direction.PL.VI.C.S5Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
›Area of Operation VII. Ground Reference Maneuvers1 tasks
Task A. Ground Reference Maneuvers
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns, and turns around a point.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.VII.A.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.PL.VII.A.R2Collision hazards.PL.VII.A.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.VII.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VII.A.R5Uncoordinated flight.
PL.VII.A.S1Clear the area.PL.VII.A.S2Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.PL.VII.A.S3Plan the maneuver:PL.VII.A.S3aRectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind legPL.VII.A.S3bS-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference areaPL.VII.A.S3cTurns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference areaPL.VII.A.S4Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.PL.VII.A.S5If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.PL.VII.A.S6Divide attention between aircraft control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.PL.VII.A.S7Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
Note: The evaluator selects at least one ground reference maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate.
›Area of Operation VIII. Navigation4 tasks
Task A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with airworthiness requirements, including aircraft certificates.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; VFR Navigation Charts
PL.VIII.A.K1Pilotage and dead reckoning.PL.VIII.A.K2Magnetic compass errors.PL.VIII.A.K3Topography.PL.VIII.A.K4Selection of appropriate:PL.VIII.A.K4aRoutePL.VIII.A.K4bAltitude(s)PL.VIII.A.K4cCheckpointsPL.VIII.A.K5Plotting a course, including:PL.VIII.A.K5aDetermining heading, speed, and coursePL.VIII.A.K5bWind correction anglePL.VIII.A.K5cEstimating time, speed, and distancePL.VIII.A.K5dTrue airspeed and density altitudePL.VIII.A.K6Aircraft configuration.PL.VIII.A.K7Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
PL.VIII.A.S1Prepare and use a flight log.PL.VIII.A.S2Navigate by pilotage.PL.VIII.A.S3Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.PL.VIII.A.S4Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.PL.VIII.A.S5Correct for and record the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.PL.VIII.A.S6Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.PL.VIII.A.S7Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.PL.VIII.A.S8Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.
Task B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with navigation systems and radar services.
References: AC 91-78; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.VIII.B.K1Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).PL.VIII.B.K2Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).PL.VIII.B.K3Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).PL.VIII.B.K4Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
PL.VIII.B.R1Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.PL.VIII.B.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VIII.B.R3Limitations of the navigation system in use.PL.VIII.B.R4Loss of a navigation signal.PL.VIII.B.R5Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PL.VIII.B.S1Use an airborne electronic navigation system.PL.VIII.B.S2Determine the aircraft's position using the navigation system.PL.VIII.B.S3Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.PL.VIII.B.S4Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.PL.VIII.B.S5Recognize signal loss or interference and take appropriate action, if applicable.PL.VIII.B.S6Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.PL.VIII.B.S7Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.
Note: The evaluator should reference the manufacturer’s equipment supplement(s) as necessary for appropriate limitations, procedures, etc.
Task C. Diversion
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with diversion.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; VFR Navigation Charts
PL.VIII.C.R1Collision hazards.PL.VIII.C.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.VIII.C.R3Circumstances that would make diversion prudent.PL.VIII.C.R4Selecting an airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable.PL.VIII.C.R5Using available resources (e.g., automation, ATC, and flight deck planning aids).
PL.VIII.C.S1Select a suitable airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable, and route for diversion.PL.VIII.C.S2Make a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel required to the “divert to” destination.PL.VIII.C.S3Promptly divert toward the airport/heliport/helipad.PL.VIII.C.S4Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.PL.VIII.C.S5Update/interpret weather in flight.PL.VIII.C.S6Use displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as applicable to maintain situational awareness.
Task D. Lost Procedures
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with lost procedures and can take appropriate steps to achieve a satisfactory outcome if lost.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; VFR Navigation Charts
PL.VIII.D.S1Select an appropriate course of action.PL.VIII.D.S2Use an appropriate method to determine position.PL.VIII.D.S3Maintain an appropriate heading and climb as necessary.PL.VIII.D.S4Identify prominent landmarks.PL.VIII.D.S5Use navigation systems/facilities or contact an ATC facility for assistance.
›Area of Operation IX. Slow Flight and Stalls3 tasks
Task A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (Wing-Borne Configuration)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with maneuvering during slow flight in wing-borne configuration.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IX.A.R1Inadvertent slow flight and flight with a stall warning, which could lead to loss of control.PL.IX.A.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).PL.IX.A.R3Uncoordinated flight.PL.IX.A.R4Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high density altitude).PL.IX.A.R5Collision hazards.PL.IX.A.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.IX.A.S1Clear the area.PL.IX.A.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).PL.IX.A.S3Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).PL.IX.A.S4Accomplish coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents with the aircraft configured as specified by the evaluator without a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).PL.IX.A.S5Maintain the specified altitude, ±100 feet; specified heading, ±10°; airspeed, +10/-0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ±10°.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task B. Power-Off Stalls
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with power-off stalls.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IX.B.K1Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various aircraft configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and center of gravity, aircraft attitude, and yaw effects.PL.IX.B.K2Stall characteristics as they relate to aircraft design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.PL.IX.B.K3Factors and situations that can lead to a power-off stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.PL.IX.B.K4Fundamentals of stall recovery.
PL.IX.B.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-off stall, spin, and loss of control.PL.IX.B.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).PL.IX.B.R3Stall warning(s) during normal operations.PL.IX.B.R4Stall recovery procedure.PL.IX.B.R5Secondary and accelerated stalls.PL.IX.B.R6Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance related to power-off stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).PL.IX.B.R7Collision hazards.PL.IX.B.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.IX.B.S1Clear the area.PL.IX.B.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is higher.PL.IX.B.S3Configure the aircraft in the approach or landing configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.PL.IX.B.S4Establish a stabilized descent.PL.IX.B.S5Transition smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch attitude that induces a stall.PL.IX.B.S6Maintain a specified heading, ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10° if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.PL.IX.B.S7Acknowledge cues of the impending stall and then recover promptly after a full stall occurs.PL.IX.B.S8Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Flight Manual.PL.IX.B.S9Configure the aircraft as recommended by the manufacturer and accelerate to VX or VY.PL.IX.B.S10Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.PL.IX.B.S11Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task C. Power-On Stalls
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with power-on stalls.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.IX.C.K1Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various aircraft configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, aircraft weight and center of gravity, aircraft attitude, and yaw effects.PL.IX.C.K2Stall characteristics as they relate to aircraft design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.PL.IX.C.K3Factors and situations that can lead to a power-on stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.PL.IX.C.K4Fundamentals of stall recovery.
PL.IX.C.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-on stall, spin, and loss of control.PL.IX.C.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).PL.IX.C.R3Pitch attitude limitations.PL.IX.C.R4Stall warning(s) during normal operations.PL.IX.C.R5Stall recovery procedure.PL.IX.C.R6Secondary stalls and accelerated stalls.PL.IX.C.R7Effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance related to power-on stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).PL.IX.C.R8Collision hazards.PL.IX.C.R9Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.IX.C.S1Clear the area.PL.IX.C.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is higher.PL.IX.C.S3Establish the takeoff, departure, or wing-borne configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.PL.IX.C.S4Transition smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch attitude that would induce a stall.PL.IX.C.S5Maintain a specified heading, ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10° if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.PL.IX.C.S6Acknowledge cues of the impending stall and then recover promptly after a full stall occurs.PL.IX.C.S7Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Flight Manual.PL.IX.C.S8Configure the aircraft as recommended by the manufacturer and accelerate to VX or VY.PL.IX.C.S9Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.PL.IX.C.S10Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
›Area of Operation X. Basic Instrument Maneuvers6 tasks
Task A. Straight-and-Level Flight
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flying during straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.X.A.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.PL.X.A.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.PL.X.A.R3Collision hazards.PL.X.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.X.A.R5Fixation and omission.PL.X.A.R6Instrument Interpretation.PL.X.A.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.PL.X.A.R8Trimming the aircraft.
Task B. Constant Airspeed Climbs
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.X.B.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.PL.X.B.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.PL.X.B.R3Collision hazards.PL.X.B.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.X.B.R5Fixation and omission.PL.X.B.R6Instrument Interpretation.PL.X.B.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.PL.X.B.R8Trimming the aircraft.
PL.X.B.S1Transition to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.PL.X.B.S2Climb at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.PL.X.B.S3Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
Task C. Constant Airspeed Descents
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed descents solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.X.C.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.PL.X.C.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.PL.X.C.R3Collision hazards.PL.X.C.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.X.C.R5Fixation and omission.PL.X.C.R6Instrument Interpretation.PL.X.C.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.PL.X.C.R8Trimming the aircraft.
PL.X.C.S1Transition to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.PL.X.C.S2Descend at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.PL.X.C.S3Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
Task D. Turns to Headings
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during turns to headings solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.X.D.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.PL.X.D.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.PL.X.D.R3Collision hazards.PL.X.D.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.X.D.R5Fixation and omission.PL.X.D.R6Instrument Interpretation.PL.X.D.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.PL.X.D.R8Trimming the aircraft.
Task E. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying while recovering from unusual attitudes solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.X.E.K1Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.PL.X.E.K2Procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.PL.X.E.K3Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).PL.X.E.K4Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PL.X.E.R1Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).PL.X.E.R2Assessment of the unusual attitude.PL.X.E.R3Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.PL.X.E.R4Collision hazards.PL.X.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.X.E.R6Interpreting flight instruments.PL.X.E.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.PL.X.E.R8Operating envelope considerations.
PL.X.E.S1Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.PL.X.E.S2Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Radio Communications, Navigation Systems/Facilities, and Radar Services
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with radio communications, navigation systems/facilities, and radar services available for use during flight solely by reference to instruments.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
PL.X.F.K1Operating communications equipment, including identifying and selecting radio frequencies, requesting and following air traffic control (ATC) instructions.PL.X.F.K2Operating navigation equipment, including functions and displays, and following bearings, radials, or courses.PL.X.F.K3Air traffic control facilities and services.
›Area of Operation XI. Emergency Operations9 tasks
Task A. Powerplant(s) Failure (Simulated) during Takeoff in Thrust-Borne Flight
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with indications and pilot actions after powerplant(s) failure during takeoff while the aircraft is predominantly in thrust-borne flight in a multi-powerplant aircraft.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.A.K1Aircraft performance and limitations, (e.g., height velocity (H/V) diagram information).PL.XI.A.K2Factors involved in determining a valid go/no-go decision.PL.XI.A.K3Recognition of powerplant(s) failure.PL.XI.A.K4Pilot actions required on recognition of powerplant(s) failure, including checklist memory items.PL.XI.A.K5Aircraft configuration for landing with powerplant(s) failure.PL.XI.A.K6Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.
PL.XI.A.S1Recognize that a powerplant(s) failure has occurred.PL.XI.A.S2Use flight controls in the proper combination and aircraft configuration as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.PL.XI.A.S3Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.PL.XI.A.S4Land the aircraft, as appropriate to the scenario presented by the evaluator.PL.XI.A.S5Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.XI.A.S6Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.XI.A.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task. The task outcome can be vertical or rolling depending on aircraft capabilities, configuration, and flight manual procedures.
Task B. Powerplant(s) Failure (Simulated) during Takeoff While in Semi-Wing-Borne Flight
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with indications and pilot actions after powerplant(s) failure during takeoff while in semi-wing-borne flight in a multi-powerplant aircraft.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.B.K1The procedures used during a powerplant(s) failure on takeoff, the appropriate reference airspeeds, and the specific pilot actions required.PL.XI.B.K2Operational considerations to include: aircraft performance (e.g., sideslip, bank angle, etc.), takeoff warning systems, runway length, surface conditions, density altitude, wake turbulence, environmental conditions, obstructions, and other related factors that could adversely affect safety.
PL.XI.B.R1Powerplant(s) failure.PL.XI.B.R2Reaction to the loss of power from one or more powerplants.PL.XI.B.R3Deceleration in a space-limited environment.PL.XI.B.R4Windshear.PL.XI.B.R5Dividing attention inside and outside the aircraft.PL.XI.B.R6Runway incursion.PL.XI.B.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.XI.B.R8Abnormal operations, including planning for:PL.XI.B.R8aRejected takeoffPL.XI.B.R8bPowerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flightPL.XI.B.R9Energy management.
PL.XI.B.S1Recognize that a powerplant failure has occurred while performing a rolling takeoff.PL.XI.B.S2Input the appropriate flight control(s) and configure the aircraft for maximum deceleration.PL.XI.B.S3Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.PL.XI.B.S4Apply braking as appropriate.PL.XI.B.S5Refer to the checklist to ensure that the emergency procedure was followed correctly.PL.XI.B.S6Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.XI.B.S7Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task. This can be initiated during the takeoff roll in wheeled aircraft or during the conversion to wing-borne flight following a vertical takeoff.
Task C. Inflight Powerplant(s) Failure and Restart in Multi-Powerplant Aircraft
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with an inflight powerplant(s) failure and restart, if applicable, in a multi-powerplant powered-lift aircraft.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.C.K1Flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering the aircraft with powerplant(s) inoperative, including the importance of drag reduction and appropriate aircraft configuration.PL.XI.C.K2Aircraft/powerplant limitations.PL.XI.C.K3Powerplant restart procedures and conditions where a restart attempt is appropriate.PL.XI.C.K4Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.
PL.XI.C.R1Potential powerplant(s) failure during flight.PL.XI.C.R2Following checklist procedures for a powerplant(s) failure or a powerplant(s) restart.PL.XI.C.R3Identifying the powerplant(s) that failed.PL.XI.C.R4Collision hazards.PL.XI.C.R5Aircraft configuration.PL.XI.C.R6Factors and situations that could lead to loss of control with an inflight powerplant(s) failure.PL.XI.C.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PL.XI.C.S1Recognize and correctly identify powerplant(s) failure, complete memory items (if applicable), and maintain positive aircraft control.PL.XI.C.S2Coordinate with crew, if applicable, and complete the appropriate emergency procedures and checklist(s) for powerplant shutdown.PL.XI.C.S3Use flight controls and configure the aircraft in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required, to maintain best performance, and trim as required.PL.XI.C.S4Determine the cause for the powerplant(s) failure and if a restart is a viable option.PL.XI.C.S5Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.PL.XI.C.S6Maintain the airspeed ±10 knots, the specified heading ±10°, and altitude ±100 feet as specified by the evaluator and within the aircraft’s capability.PL.XI.C.S7Consider a powerplant restart and, if appropriate, demonstrate the powerplant restart procedures in accordance with the manufacturer or operator specified procedures and checklists.PL.XI.C.S8Select the nearest suitable airport or landing area.PL.XI.C.S9Communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and the evaluator, as appropriate for the situation.PL.XI.C.S10Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task D. Vortex Ring State (VRS) Avoidance
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with preventing the aircraft from entering and the procedure for recovering from Vortex Ring State (VRS).
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.D.K1Elements of vortex ring state.PL.XI.D.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.PL.XI.D.K3Requirements for the formation of VRS.PL.XI.D.K4Aircraft systems that aid the pilot in avoiding VRS, if applicable.PL.XI.D.K5Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.PL.XI.D.K6Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.PL.XI.D.K7Asymmetric VRS, if applicable.PL.XI.D.K8Effective recovery techniques.PL.XI.D.K9Control inputs and configuration changes to recover from VRS.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Task E. Approach and Landing with Powerplant(s) Failure (Simulated)
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with approach and landing with simulated powerplant(s) failure.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.E.K1Elements of approach and landing with powerplant(s) failure.PL.XI.E.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.PL.XI.E.K3A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.PL.XI.E.K4Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.PL.XI.E.K5Appropriate approach and landing profiles and aircraft configurations.PL.XI.E.K6Causes of asymmetric thrust conditions and appropriate responses.PL.XI.E.K7Go-around/rejected landing procedures with a powerplant failure.
PL.XI.E.R1Consideration of altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available landing area.PL.XI.E.R2Planning and following a flightpath to the selected landing area.PL.XI.E.R3Collision hazards.PL.XI.E.R4Flight control input(s).PL.XI.E.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).PL.XI.E.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.XI.E.R7Go-around/rejected landing.
PL.XI.E.S1Maintain the operating powerplant(s) within limits.PL.XI.E.S2Maintain, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the recommended flight profile with altitude ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, heading ±10°, and maintains track.PL.XI.E.S3Use flight controls in the proper combination and aircraft configuration as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.PL.XI.E.S4Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain and obstructions.PL.XI.E.S5Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.PL.XI.E.S6Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.PL.XI.E.S7Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.XI.E.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
Task F. Emergency Descent
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with emergency descent.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.F.S1Clear the area.PL.XI.F.S2Establish and maintain the appropriate airspeed and configuration appropriate to the scenario specified by the evaluator and as covered in the manufacturer's flight manual for the emergency descent.PL.XI.F.S3Maintain orientation, divide attention appropriately, and plan and execute a smooth recovery.PL.XI.F.S4Use bank angles between 30° and 45° to maintain positive load factors during the descent.PL.XI.F.S5Maintain appropriate airspeed, +0/-10 knots, and level off at specified altitude, ±100 feet.PL.XI.F.S6Make radio calls as appropriate.PL.XI.F.S7Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.XI.F.S8Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Task G. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with emergency equipment, and survival gear appropriate to the aircraft and environment encountered during flight.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.G.K1Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.PL.XI.G.K2Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.PL.XI.G.K3Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:PL.XI.G.K3aClimate extremes (hot/cold)PL.XI.G.K3bMountainous terrainPL.XI.G.K3cOverwater operations
Task H. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the aircraft provided for the practical test.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.H.K1Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).PL.XI.H.K2System and equipment malfunctions specific to the aircraft, including:PL.XI.H.K2aElectrical malfunctionPL.XI.H.K2bVacuum/pressure and associated flight instrument malfunctionsPL.XI.H.K2cPitot-static system malfunctionPL.XI.H.K2dElectronic flight deck display malfunctionPL.XI.H.K2eLanding gear or flap malfunctionPL.XI.H.K2fInoperative trimPL.XI.H.K3Smoke/fire/powerplant compartment fire.PL.XI.H.K4Any other system specific to the aircraft (e.g., supplemental oxygen, deicing).PL.XI.H.K5Inadvertent door or window opening.
Task I. Dynamic Rollover
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with dynamic rollover.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XI.I.K1Elements related to dynamic rollover.PL.XI.I.K2Interactions between thrust, crosswind, slope, lateral CG, aircraft weight, and flight controls that contribute to dynamic rollover.PL.XI.I.K3Preventive flight technique and recovery during flight operations, including slope operations.PL.XI.I.K4Aircraft slope limitations.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
›Area of Operation XII. Night Operations1 tasks
Task A. Night Operations
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with night preparation and flight.
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XII.A.K1Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.PL.XII.A.K2Required aircraft equipment and lighting for night operations.PL.XII.A.K3Personal equipment essential for night flight.PL.XII.A.K4Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.PL.XII.A.K5Visual illusions at night.PL.XII.A.K6Lighting systems identifying airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.PL.XII.A.K7Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.PL.XII.A.K8Night taxi operations.PL.XII.A.K9Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PL.XII.A.R1Collision hazards.PL.XII.A.R2Runway incursion.PL.XII.A.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.PL.XII.A.R4Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.PL.XII.A.R5Night currency versus proficiency.PL.XII.A.R6Weather considerations specific to night operations.PL.XII.A.R7Inoperative equipment.
Note: For applicants that reside in Alaska, refer to 14 CFR part 61, section 61.110.
›Area of Operation XIII. Postflight Procedures1 tasks
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing
To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with after landing, parking, and securing procedures.
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
PL.XIII.A.S1Minimize any hazardous effects of thrust/downwash during hover, if applicable.PL.XIII.A.S2Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.PL.XIII.A.S3Complete the appropriate checklist(s).PL.XIII.A.S4Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.PL.XIII.A.S5Secure the aircraft.
Note: s to emphasize special considerations. During the ground and flight portion of the practical test, the FAA expects evaluators to assess the applicant's mastery of the topic in accordance with the level of learning most appropriate for the specified Task. The oral questioning will continue throughout the entire practical test. For some topics, the evaluator will ask the applicant to describe or explain. For other items, the evaluator will assess the applicant's understanding by providing a scenario that requires the applicant to appropriately apply and/or correlate knowledge, experience, and information to the circumstances of the given scenario. The flight portion of the practical test requires the applicant to demonstrate knowledge, risk management, flight proficiency, and operational skill in accordance with the ACS. The elements within each Task in this ACS are coded according to a scheme that includes four components. For example, PL.I.C.K2: PL = Applicable ACS I = Area of Operation C = Task K2 = Task element (in this example, Knowledge 2) There is no requirement for an evaluator to test every knowledge and risk management element in a Task; rather the evaluator has discretion to sample as needed to ensure the applicant’s mastery of that Task. The required minimum elements to be tested from each applicable Task include: • any elements in which the applicant was shown to be deficient on the knowledge test, as applicable; • at least one knowledge element; • at least one risk management element; and • all skill elements unless otherwise noted. The Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR) lists ACS codes that correlate to a specific Task element for a given Area of Operation for any incorrect responses on the knowledge test. Appendix 1: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes An asterisk directs the evaluator to follow the selection requirements for the AOO and Tasks in the body of this ACS. Appendix 2: Safety of Flight Appendix 2: Safety of Flight General Safety of flight must be the prime consideration at all times. The evaluator, applicant, and crew must be continually alert for other traffic. If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopardize safety, the evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate that portion of the maneuver. The evaluator will assess the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures throughout the entire test. Stall, Spin, Angle of Attack Awareness An applicant, instructor, and evaluator must avoid operations that lead to inadvertent high angle of attack flight that may lead to loss of control, when thrust-borne-lift is insufficient for wing-borne flight. Use of Checklists Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an appropriate checklist. Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should determine whether the applicant demonstrates CRM, appropriately divides attention, and uses proper visual scanning. In some situations, reading the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases, the evaluator should assess the applicant's performance of published or recommended immediate action “memory” items along with their review of the appropriate checklist once conditions permit. In a single-pilot aircraft, the applicant should demonstrate the crew resource management (CRM) principles described as single-pilot resource management (SRM). Proper use depends on the specific Task being evaluated. If the use of the checklist while accomplishing elements of an Objective would be either unsafe or impractical in a single-pilot operation, the applicant should review the checklist after accomplishing the elements. Positive Exchange of Flight Controls A clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft must exist. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls. The FAA recommends a positive three-step process for exchanging flight controls between pilots: • When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, they will say, “You have the flight controls.” • The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” • The first pilot again says, “You have the flight controls,” and visually confirms the exchange. Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test. The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. Doubt as to who is flying the aircraft should not occur. Use of Distractions Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. The evaluator should incorporate realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test to evaluate the pilot’s situational awareness and ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and outside the flight deck. Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management, and Single-Pilot Resource