PL.VII.A.S3a

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-20
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance Charts › Sample Problem 2

  Sample Problem 2 Refer to Figure 11-23. This chart is an example of a combined takeoff distance graph. It takes into consideration pressure altitude, temperature, weight, wind, and obstacles all on one chart. First, find the correct temperature ... bottom left side of the graph. Follow the line from 22 °C straight up until it intersects the 2,000 foot altitude line. From that point, draw a line straight across to the first dark reference line. Continue to draw…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 16-22
  Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation › Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR)

  indicator behaves the same. Unless otherwise noted in this section, VOR, VOR/DME, and VORTAC NAVAIDs are all referred to hereafter as VORs. The prefix “omni-” means all, and an omnidirectional range is a VHF radio transmitting ground station that projects ... straight line courses (radials) from the station in all directions. From a top view, it can be visualized as being similar to the spokes from the hub of a wheel. The distance VOR radials are projected depends upon the power…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-26
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance Charts › Sample Problem 12

  Sample Problem 12 Using the given conditions and Figure 11-33, determine the landing distance for the aircraft. This graph is an example of 1. Decrease the distances shown by 10% for each 4 knots of headwind. 2. Increase ... distance by 10% for each 60 °F temperature increase above standard. 3. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distances (both “ground roll” and “total to clear 50 ft obstacle”) by 20% of the “total to clear…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-5
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Rectangular Course

  pilot should scan between far ahead and close to the airplane to practice tracking multiple references. When proficiency has been demonstrated by flying directly over the ground reference line, the pilot should then practice flying a straight parallel path that ... offset from the ground reference. The offset parallel path should not be more than three-fourths of a mile from the reference line. The maneuver should be flown offset from the ground references with the pilot angling the airplane…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-1
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects

  driver adjusts the pressure on the accelerator pedal to smoothly join the new lane. In the same manner, multiple references are required to precisely control the airplane in reference to the ground. Not all ground-based references are visually equal ... Awareness of typical visual illusions helps a pilot select appropriate references. For example, larger objects or references may appear closer than they actually are when compared to smaller objects or references. Prevailing visibility has a significant effect on the pilot…