PL.V.H.S11
SkillAccomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance
prevent ground deviations, stay alert during ground operations. Pilot deviations can and frequently do occur on the ground. Many strategies and tactics pilots use to avoid airborne deviations also work on the ground. Pilots should also remain vigilant about vehicle/pedestrian ... entering or moving on the runway movement area without authorization from air traffic control. In serious instances, any ground deviation (PD or VPD) can result in a runway incursion. Best practices in preventing ground deviations can be found…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Pilot Deviations (PDs)
temporary flight restriction (TFR). Take a few minutes prior to each flight to plan accordingly. • Talk and squawk—Proper communication with ATC has its benefits. Flight following often makes the controller’s job easier because they can better integrate ... trying to avoid could result in a pilot deviation because ATC radar may show you within the restricted airspace. Ground deviations (also called surface deviations) include taxiing, taking off, or landing without clearance, deviating from an assigned taxi route…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect
aircraft leaving ground effect after takeoff encounters just the reverse of an aircraft entering ground effect during landing. The aircraft leaving ground effect will: • Require an increase in AOA to maintain the same CL • Experience an increase in induced drag ... nose-up change in moment • Experience a reduction in static source pressure and increase in indicated airspeed Ground effect must be considered during takeoffs and landings. For example, if a pilot fails to understand the relationship between the aircraft…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation › Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
accomplish the dual receiver check, a pilot must tune both VOR receivers to the same VOR ground facility. The maximum permissible variation between the two indicated bearings is 4°. A list of the airborne and ground checkpoints is published ... flight. But as a guide to assure acceptable accuracy, the required IFR tolerances can be used—±4° for ground checks and ±6° for airborne checks. These checks can be performed by the pilot. The VOR transmitting station can be positively…
- Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Combustion
Maintaining extended ground operations or steep climbs in which cylinder cooling is reduced Detonation may be avoided by following these basic guidelines during the various phases of ground and flight operations: • Ensure that the proper grade of fuel is used ... Keep the cowl flaps (if available) in the full-open position while on the ground to provide the maximum airflow through the cowling. • Use an enriched fuel mixture, as well as a shallow climb angle, to increase cylinder cooling during…
- Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation
Ground-Based Navigation Advances in navigational radio receivers installed in aircraft, the development of aeronautical charts that show the exact location of ground transmitting stations and their frequencies, along with refined flight deck instrumentation make it possible for pilots ... navigate with precision to almost any point desired. Although precision in navigation is obtainable through the proper use of this equipment, beginning pilots should use this equipment to supplement navigation by visual reference to the ground (pilotage). This method provides…