PL.XI.C.S9

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-26
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services › Radar Traffic Advisories

  traffic is referenced by azimuth from the aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock. Also, distance in nautical miles, direction in which the target is moving, and type and altitude of the aircraft, if known, are given. An example ... would be: “Traffic 10 o’clock 5 miles east bound, Cessna 152, 3,000 feet.” The pilot should note that traffic position is based on the aircraft track and that wind correction can affect the clock position at which…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

  Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-12
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Axes of an Aircraft

  right movement of the aircraft’s nose. The three motions of the conventional airplane (roll, pitch, and yaw) are controlled by three control surfaces. Roll is controlled by the ailerons; pitch is controlled by the elevators; yaw is controlled ... rudder. The use of these controls is explained in Chapter 6, Flight Controls. Other types of aircraft may utilize different methods of controlling the movements about the various axes. For example, weight-shift control aircraft control two axes (roll…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 15-9
  Chapter 15: Airspace › Air Traffic Control and the National Airspace System › Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment Requirements

  Pilots operating an aircraft in Class A airspace must conduct that operation under IFR and only under an ATC clearance received prior to entering the airspace. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each aircraft operating in Class A airspace must ... equipped with a two-way radio capable of communicating with ATC on a frequency assigned by ATC. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, all aircraft within Class A airspace must be equipped with the appropriate transponder equipment meeting all applicable specifications…

• Risk Management Handbookp. 3-8
  Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Hazard Combinations › Airspace, Air Traffic Control, and Other Aircraft

  Airspace, Air Traffic Control, and Other Aircraft Airspace requirements and ATC services facilitate safe and efficient operations. However, under some circumstances, their presence or absence constitutes a “V” hazard. • Prohibited and Restricted Airspace–Different airspace designations and restrictions are meant ... from hazards. For example, entering a prohibited or restricted area without permission can result in conflicts with military aircraft. • ATC Delays and Service Availability–The ATC system may require route changes or holding, which may require more fuel than expected…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls

  addition, in some large and fast aircraft, controls are boosted by hydraulically or electrically actuated systems. In both the fly-by-wire and boosted controls, the feel of the control reaction is fed back to the pilot by simulated means ... Current research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center involves Intelligent Flight Control Systems (IFCS). The goal of this project is to develop an adaptive neural network-based flight control system. Applied directly to flight…