PL.VII.A.S6
SkillDivide attention between aircraft control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect
Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Pilot Deviations (PDs)
pilot deviation (PD) is an action of a pilot that violates any Federal Aviation Regulation. While PDs should be avoided, the regulations do authorize deviations from a clearance in response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory ... pilot strays from an assigned heading or altitude or from an instrument procedure, or if the pilot penetrates controlled or restricted airspace without ATC clearance. To prevent airborne deviations, follow these steps: • Plan each flight—you may have flown…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance
prevent ground deviations, stay alert during ground operations. Pilot deviations can and frequently do occur on the ground. Many strategies and tactics pilots use to avoid airborne deviations also work on the ground. Pilots should also remain vigilant about vehicle/pedestrian ... deviations (V/PDs). A vehicle or pedestrian deviation includes pedestrians, vehicles or other objects interfering with aircraft operations by entering or moving on the runway movement area without authorization from air traffic control. In serious instances, any ground deviation…
- Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Tracking Over and Parallel to a Straight Line
decrease the angle of bank, which increases or decreases the rate of turn, to achieve the desired constant radius track over the ground. Ground reference maneuvers should always be entered from a downwind position. This allows the pilot to establish ... steepest bank angle required to maintain a constant radius ground track. If the bank is too steep, the pilot should immediately exit the maneuver and re-establish a lateral position that is further from the ground reference. The pilot should…
- Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights
Each of these maneuvers is a variation of a turn around a point. Each eight uses two ground reference points about which the airplane turns first in one direction and then the opposite direction—like a figure eight. Eights maneuvers ... designed for the following purposes: ⦁ Further development of the pilot’s skill in maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground references. ⦁ Improving the pilot’s ability to divide attention between the flightpath and ground-based references, manipulation…
- Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Introduction
Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers Introduction During initial training, pilots learn how various flight control pressure inputs affect the airplane. After achieving a sufficient level of competence, the pilot is ready to apply this skill and maintain the airplane ... only at the correct attitude and power configuration, but also along an appropriate course relative to objects on the ground. This skill is the basis for traffic patterns, survey, photographic, sight-seeing, aerial application (crop dusting), and various other flight…