PL.VI.B.K5

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 9-13
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance

  safe flight. Flight manuals and aircraft documentation are essential tools used to reach that goal. Chapter 10: Weight and Balance Compliance with the weight and balance limits of any aircraft is critical to flight safety. Operating above the maximum weight ... limitation compromises the structural integrity of an aircraft and adversely affects its performance. Operation with the center of gravity (CG) outside the approved limits results in control difficulty. As discussed in Chapter 5, Aerodynamics of Flight, weight is the force…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 16-17
  Chapter 16: Navigation › Flight Planning › Airplane Flight Manual or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH)

  Flight Manual or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) should be checked to determine the proper loading of the aircraft (weight and balance data). The weight of the usable fuel and drainable oil aboard must be known. Also, check the weight ... passengers, the weight of all baggage to be carried, and the empty weight of the aircraft to be sure that the total weight does not exceed the maximum allowable weight. The distribution of the load must be known to tell…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-2
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Effects of Weight

  Longer landing roll • Excessive weight on the nose wheel or tail wheel The pilot must be knowledgeable about the effect of weight on the performance of the particular aircraft being flown. Preflight planning should include a check of performance charts ... determine if the aircraft’s weight may contribute to hazardous flight operations. Excessive weight in itself reduces the safety margins available to the pilot and becomes even more hazardous when other performance-reducing factors are combined with excess weight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-3
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Control › Management of Weight and Balance Control

  devices that change the flight characteristics. The actual location of the CG can be altered by many variable factors and is usually controlled by the pilot. Placement of baggage and cargo items determines the CG location. The assignment of seats ... passengers can also be used as a means of obtaining a favorable balance. If an aircraft is tail heavy, it is only logical to place heavy passengers in forward seats. Fuel burn can also affect the CG based…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-2
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity

  Location of the CG with reference to the lateral axis is also important. For each item of weight existing to the left of the fuselage centerline, there is an equal weight existing at a corresponding location on the right. This ... aircraft controls in an out-of-streamline condition, increases drag, and results in decreased operating efficiency. Since lateral balance is addressed when needed in the aircraft flight manual (AFM) and longitudinal balance is more critical, further reference to balance…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-10
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Determining Loaded Weight and CG › Weight Shifting

  Shifting, Adding, and Removing Weight A pilot must be able to solve any problems accurately that involve the shift, addition, or removal of weight. For example, the pilot may load the aircraft within the allowable takeoff weight limit, then find ... location will correct an out-of-limit condition. There are some standardized calculations that can help make these determinations. Weight Shifting When weight is shifted from one location to another, the total weight of the aircraft is unchanged. The total…